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There are various ship piece of tailal in which we can place our thinking. These can be helpful when we are essay to improve our memory or when trying to visit things from the past. The three ways I am most to explain are all correspondent in the way we organise our thinking, and can be a properly aid to our memory. Each point is backed up with evidence to reinforcing stimulus this. One of the ways we organise our thinking is by enjoyment moral images. By forming a mental image, we are thinking about something by constructing a mental picture of it in our mind.There are various ways of constructing mental images which can lead to better recall when trying to repute things. The mental image will give us a discriminative stimulus when we come to recalling the reading. We will have spent time and effort analyze the info previously and formed an image which we will have frigid in our memory. This will and so help us to recall the cultivation more easily. One technique for better memory would be by development Mnemonics, which are based on the construction of mental images.An congresswoman of a mnemonic would be Never Eat Shredded straw which would help us to remember North, East, South and West in the undecomposed order. Another technique for improving memory would be the report news technique. The key word technique is useful when trying to learn a foreign language. To form the key word, you would find an English word or address that sound like the foreign word. Then you would make a mental image of the key word, along with the English translation, and this would be the key word technique.To prove that this technique is successful, Michael Raugh and Richard Atkinson (1975) carried out an experiment on dickens groups of participants using the key word technique. The participants were asked to memorise sixty Spanish words, hardly only one group were taught to use the key word technique. The participants using the key word technique scored much higher than the participants that did not use it. Another way we can organise our thinking is by forming concepts. A concept formation is a way of organising our thoughts by putting them into categories.One pattern of this would be food which is a concept that has sub-concepts, such as fruit, centre and vegetables. We could then divide these sub-concepts into further sub-concepts for example, fruit would be divided into pears, grapes, bananas, apples, etcetera The use of concepts can improve memory by helping us when recalling information by putting them into categories. Take a practical mail service for example, such as finding an item in a untidy drawer. Trying to extract the item from the drawer would prove difficult and would perplex quite some time to find.However if this drawer was organised into different sections, then it would be a lot easier to find what you are looking for. We explain the same system when using concepts to organise our thinking when recalling information, thus improving our memory. An experiment to prove how concepts can improve our recall was developed by Weston Bousfield (1953). Participants were asked to learn sixty words that could be placed into four categories. The words were mixed up, but the participants seemed to remember the words more easily when lettered they could be grouped with other words in the same category.So pickings the word cat, they would remember the words dog, mouse and rabbit. In similar experiments, by being given the category headings, most participants find that this gives them a pool stick to access more words. Finally, we can organise our thinking by using schemas. A schema is a mental framework of knowledge about certain situations, objects, people, places and all the same yourself. Schemas are developed as a impression of your experiences of the world and how you think about certain things. For example, if you were to think of the word infirmary, your schema would include a list of everything you associate with a infirmary.For example, hospital beds, the smell of cleaning fluids, ambulance sirens, doctors and nurses, etc. Schemas can help provide a inspire to prompt our memory when plan of attack to recalling information. We will have stored the information in a specific category so that it can be recalled more easily. One example of this is shown in an experiment carried out by John Bransford and Marcia Johnson (1972). Participants were read a passage which described in power point the process of washing apparel, however they were not told that the title was washing clothes.Many of the participants found that they had difficulty in understanding the passage and were unable to recall the details. However once the participants were given the title to the passage, this provided the schema which helped them to recall the information more easily. Although schemas are an efficient way of helping us to organise our thinking by providing a cue when recalling info rmation, they can also tense our recall and lead us astray. Evidence to prove this was carried out in a demand by William Brewer (1981) to prove the distorting effects of schemas on memory.The participants were taken into an office and asked to wait for 35 seconds. They were then taken into some other room and asked to recall the contents that they had seen in the office. Participants recalled the items that are fitting with a typical office schema however they had failed to notice other objects in the room such as a brick and a pair of pliers, even recalling items such as a telephone which were not in the office. This study shows that we often adjust our recalled information so that it is in fitting with our existing schemas.In some cases this could have a detrimental effect, especially if you have witnessed a crime and need to be called to give an eye witness testimony. When coming to recalling events that happened in the past, there is a chance that the gaps in your memory wi ll be unconsciously filled by inferences. In conclusion, mental images can improve our memory by forming a mental image in our mind, concepts by organising our thoughts and putting them into categories and schemas by developing a mental framework of our knowledge of our experiences.Each of these ways can give us a cue when we come to recalling information, thus improving our memory. However, although these ideas of organising our thinking may help us to improve our memory, they can also distort our recall and lead us astray.Word count = 1,095 References Spoors, P. , Dyer, E. , Finlay, L. and Marsh, G. (2011) starting with psychology, Milton Keynes, The Open University.