The Values and beliefs of mentoring

The Values and beliefs of t for each oneingMentoring is a dynamic complex devisemental kin between two. They sh be check, abide bys and beliefs (Palmer 1987).Through this p fine artnership the mentee, with assistance from the wise man sets goals for calculate of the development of the mentee. Enhancing skills, gaining new knowledge and implementing new behaviours are the int annuled targets of the wise maning journey. To accomplish these goals in mortalal development, professional development and learning, the tellingship requires prison term, patience, inscription and to several(prenominal) degree self-grandnesslessness .In medicine , wise maning is changing the culture of slide down or swim attitude.(20)The concept of developmental mentoring therefore, with its emphasis on peer support, self managed learning, development contracts and reflective practice has the potential to ch eachenge the individual mentors and mentees. epoch it is a close descent, it is non a fr iendship .Problems can work up and lead to dysfunctional kin .Some measures are recommended to avoid such outcome.Mentoring is a relationship between two pile in which trustfulness and approve enables problems and difficulties to be discussed in an open and supportive environment (Whittaker and Cartwright 2000). It is psychological stick to between two people .Connor (2006) suggests that mentors provide a safe can for reflection they get wind and support, explore diaphanousivenesss and dip spots, enable self challenge, mystify insight and focus on goals. .The focus in mentoring is emotional and behavioral aspect of knowledge commutes rather the processes or techniques as compared to tutoring. ( soma 1)It has bring ins and satisfies ineluctably of both. at once grasped, this is often seen as one of the most liberating aspects of being a mentor/mentee (3) design (1) Tutoring v Coaching v MentoringWhat the mentor do (activities)? (6x5x5)I can summarize these as 6 atti tudes and 5 skills in 5 phasesAttitudes bod (2) (mentor= teach)In the mentee centred model which I p uphold, the mentor helps the mentee set goals in personal and career development and learning objectives. We know that self baring and self experience are great facets of learning (Rogers1983) and as (kobbs1984) (Knowles 1984) observe in adult learning theories. Mentee are expert in their possess right. The mentor just motivates, empower, nurture self confidence, and teach by example, and sometime, fling counsel and advice and raise the instruction execution bar (Scouba 1999). He helps the mentee to grow and get hold of his goals. These goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, and virtual(prenominal) and time bound (SMART). He recommends and creates learning opportunities, transfer knowledge in such areas like critical thinking, problem solving, and full points strength and areas for developmentMotivateEmpowerNurture self-confidenceTeach byExampleOffer counseladvi ceRaise performance bar common fig tree (2) mentor = MENTOR= 6 attitudesHe wears these different hats according the situation and mentoring momentsIn simple words he involves the mentee in mentoring conversation (the five mentoring phases) (fig3)2-UndersatndingThe mentee5 Implementation Review1-Contraction and Building rapport3 AnalysisMentee deficiencys/Mentor perspective4 Action planningOptions/choice figure (3) Mentoring The 5 phasesDuring this special conversation the mentor applies the 5 mentoring (communication) skills Fig (5)Mentoring skills1-Rapport is the tycoon to relate to others in a way that creates a climate of trust and understanding. Rapport is too the ability to see each other point of view (not necessary agree with), to be in the same wavelength and to cherish each other lookings.(24) To build rapport different techniques can be used starting with small let outs to explore common interest, twenty-four hours to day chat and progress to opinions, beliefs, feel ing and emotions. With time as the relation becomes stronger and people become comfortable, unspoken rapport can be reached. Fig (3)Unspoken RapportFeeling and emotionsJudgement, values and beliefIdeas and opinionsFacts, opinions and small talkRitual and clichFIG (3) Building Rapport steps2- trenchant listeningThis is an art and skill to learn. Active and then deep listening requires the listener to understand, interpret, and guess what they hear. This involves tuning in to what the mentee is saying, giving them complete concentration, and waiting patiently for them to finish, without nosedive in or fashioning assumptions about what they are likely to say. The cooking of maximum attention is displayed both verbally and non-verbally through body manner of speaking and eye contact. Words and actions should be used to convey encouragement to the mentee and benefit from active listening to get people to open up. (8)The ability to listen actively can improve personal relationships t hrough reducing conflicts, strengthen cooperation, fostering understanding and building trust . Mentor should avoid enhancive listening only. Fig (4)COSMETIC LISTENINGCONVERSATIONAL LISTENING alive(p) LISTENINGDEEP LISTENINGFig (4) Listening types mentoring level kindly level3-Asking powerful QuestionsQuestional skills are fundamental to effective mentoring. The role of inquiring here is how to draw out learning and ideas from mentee In mentoring one assume to ask open question rather than close ones, probing and gainsay than leading. Even sometimes smiles, pauses, nods or gestures are as effective as spoken questions (14)ContractingGiving constructiveFeedbackAskingPowerfulQuestionsEffectiveListeningREFLECTIONBuildingRapportMENTORING SKILLS (Applied in mentoring 5phases) Fig (3)Fig (5) Mentoring The 5 skills4-Giving constructive feedbackA mentor can apply the principles of johari window (fig 6) during the mentoring process of giving feedback and encouraging self disclosure and to move cultivation from blind spot and facade into the ARENA therefore increasing the surface of the arena. (8)The blind spot will decrease as individual postulate and own new information about themselves .The faade get littler as they disclose more information about their feeling, perception and opinions. Fig (6)Fig (6) Principles ofFeedback is the mechanism to enable people to develop, improve and change. One novel is that feedback is always negative, and it always a description of someones inadequacies and failures in developmental mentoring it is most-valuable to feedback successes as good as failures. What is important is that feedback is designed to help the person learn (constructive) while destructive feedback simply undermine and devalue them. What flip the feedback effective when it is specific, non sagaciousnessal and given with purpose e.g. to improve performance (4)5Contraction this more or less about mentoring agreements and helps (as I shall explain later) to resolve conflicts and problems that may arise6- ReflectionBoth mentor and mentee must reflect at all the times to see that is learned and redefine more goals. A mentor can support the mentee by recognizing that each mentee is different. Some mentees may come with the solution himself/herself the mentor here is just acting as sound board. In other occasions the mentor must be prepared to respond in a number of ways called influencing styles as per need of mentee(6) These range from listening and interpretation, challenging, probing and diagnosing, gathering and adding new data, identifying picks or last resort even planning for the mentee( defeat the issue, oecumenically not recommended ). At end, the degree of intervention chosen by the mentor is what mentoring is all about.Problems challengesLike any relationship things may not run smoothly. Problems unremarkably stem from poor implementation of mentoring process. Nevertheless, this may exist at send-off such as conflict between the mentoring and supervisory roles of the mentor Mentors should not be the mentees educational supervisor or line manager or otherwise be involved in their appraisal to avoid blurring of these distinct roles Shaw (1983) has also referred to these inherent tensions in the role of the mentor if he or she also contributes, at whatever distance, to any assessment or performance at work (14)Another potential downside of mentoring is that over a end of time mentors tend to develop a considerable personal and hugger-mugger knowledge about their mentees and this knowledge base Safeguards of confidentiality are of vital importance in maintaining the integrity of the mentoring process.A dysfunctional mentoring relationship could also go from possession of certain personality traits that are not compatible with the process. then the importance of the mentor and the mentee having some common interests to give the relationship a solid start.. on that point should be matching and s ome choice given to mentee in mentoring programme.It is very important to brook the right chemistry, to really, be able to mentor anyone in addition there must be a mother wit of win-win in both the mentor and the mentee. Both should want to participate, then the relationship can stretch over months or even years.Good mentoring is a facilitative, and during the mentoring process sometimes it is easy for the mentor to develop a implike attitude towards the mentee and it is important for the mentor to be aware of this tendency and turn away it. Hence, mentoring should not always be about the mentor advising the mentee what to do in a particular situation, but rather should be about the mentor facilitating exploration of the issues by the mentee, at his or her own pace.(8) Thus by encouraging critical reflection on the issues the mentee should be able to recuperate solutions to his or her own problems. Other difficulties include frustration due to wishing of progress. Mentoring r elationships that can be unproductive, unfulfilling, or (at an uncommon extreme) dysfunctional. i.e. primarily characterized by conflict. It occurs when a mentoring relationship is not working for one or all people involved because take are not being met or individuals experience distress as a result of the relationship (Eby and Allen1997)Problems and challenges in mentoring The head start (avoidable)Mix of roles matchingLack of progressPatronizing attitude, confidential smashBoundaries /EmotionsToo close or dysfunctionalDysfunctionalFig (8) Mentoring the challengesThere are a number of things that mentors can do to avoid or cope with conflict that may arise in a mentoring relationship like avoid self defeating behaviour slow down, engage in critical self reflection( addendum1 appraisal check list ), consider good and professional obligations as a Mentor, be proactive and seek consultation. also being too close to mentee can be a problem. I see it as one of the biggest challen ges. Mentor should remind himself and his mentee that although the relation is a psychological bond but still not a blind friendship. There are boundaries and limitation to be observed. People can refer to their mentoring agreement ( see appendix ) to resolve these issues. There is always the option to end the relation with mutual respect. ( life cycle of mentoring by Hay(1995) appendix 2What makes a good mentor?Mentors should enjoy helping others, has trustworthy interest in the mentee not only professionally but as human being. A good mentor accept their mentees, is empathetic, and free of judgment or rejection , maintains a positive outlook, yet is able to be realistic and have a strong interest in their own offset and self-development. A good mentor is committed to the role of mentoring and believes in the value of mentoring. He shows a desire and a willingness to give up time to help others with an open mind and a willingness to support the relationship. This good goal shoul d by be supported with knowledge about mentoring techniques (8)Successful mentorship requires mentors with a balance of skills, attributes, and qualities. Some of these attributes can be learned or positive while others are inherent individual qualities that are part of who the mentor is. The attributes of a good mentor are widely discussed in the mentorship literature. draft fromyears of experience designing formal mentoring programs, Bowley offers these essential qualities of a good mentor commitment, acceptance for mentee, teaching, learning and optimism.(8) Mentor should possess certain virtues, abilities and competences.(Johson2003)MENTORCompetent, committed, ConfidentVirtuesIntegrity, caringPrudencepruAbilitiesCognitive, emotionalRelationalCompetenciesTeaching, mentoringCommunicationFig (9) Mentor Attributes1VirtuesIntegrity, Caring, PrudenceMentor virtues of integrity, caring and prudence are set forth asThe foundation to mentoring. Integrity reflects the ability toestabli sh and maintain trust in a mentoring relationship, drawingfrom the presence of honesty and mutuality. Caring as a virtuemeans that the mentor shows respect and empathy toothers-both within and away of the mentoring relationship.Prudence indicates the intentionality and appropriateness of thementor as shown through decision making (8)2- AbilitiesCognitive, Emotional, RelationalCognitive abilities include a sense of curiosity and dedication to experiential and theoretical learning. Emotional abilities reflect the individuals emotional self-awareness and receptivity, the persons engagement in self-reflection finally, relational abilities include the capacity to communicate empathy, respect and compassion.3-CompetenciesTeaching, Mentoring, communication These are specific skills, knowledge or techniques that mentors can develop through facts of life and education.Teaching competencies include an understanding of adult learning processes and of the developmental needs and transitions commonly experienced by mentees. A facilitator to enable the mentee to open up new possibilities and set/achieve goals and models continuous learning, actively engaging mentees in their own learning and reflective processes, stimulates the students thinking and reflection and net worker who helps to develop useful connections for the mentee.(14)Mentoring competenciesThis compasses all technical aspects of mentoring knowledge andSkills (fig 6) in the organise and process of the mentoring relationship,Skills to cope with challenges arising within a mentoringrelationship (fig8)and understanding of the roles and responsibilitiesOf a mentor, recognition of dysfunction in a mentoring relationship. Communicating competencies address the interpersonal communication capacity and the self-awareness of the mentor.ConclusionWhat mentor do ( in mentee perspective) is to frame in place achievable development plan, act as appear board or devil advocate ,open doors and support in seeking opport unities .(9)The effective mentor gently probes to understand the pertinent issues, asks open-ended and fact-seeking questions and understands that keep mum is useful when information is being digested or breathing space is needed. Questions should be used to obtain information and/or steer the discussion in a particular direction. Appreciative listening is also important (7)It is important for mentors to convey understanding through feedback, reflecting back the mentees feelings and accurately summarizing or paraphrasing their purpose processes. Overall good mentorship is about empowering the mentee to become self aware, self directing, develop a sense of their own purpose and understand their personal needs.(2) They also enjoy the reward from feedback about accomplishments in which they have shared. At the end a happy mentee is an evidence of a good mentor.References1)D. a. l. Macafee Is there a role for mentoring in surgical specialty training? checkup instructor jan 2008, vo l. 30, no. 2, pages e55-e59 e55-e592)S.Rramani, L Gruppen, E. Kachur Twelve tips for developing effective mentors , medical checkup teacher Jan 2006, Vol. 28, no(prenominal) 5, Pages 404-408 404-4083) T.Stenfors-Hayes, S Kaln, et al Being a mentor for undergraduate medical students enhances personal and professional developmentMedical Teacher Jan 2010, Vol. 32, No. 2, Pages 148-153 148-153.4) K Taherian, M.Shekarchian Mentoring for doctors. Do its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? medical teacher Jan 2008, Vol. 30, No. 4, Pages e95-e99 e95-e995)Exploring mentoring Board of medical education,BMA August 20046)Mentoring for doctors, guidance from doctors forum , DH 20047)B Buddeberg-Fischer, K-D. Herta Formal mentoring programmes for medical students and doctors a check of the Medline literaturemedical teacher, Jan 2006, Vol. 28, No. 3, Pages 248-257 248-257.8) Module Two Competency in Mentoring,Canadian coalition for global health research,20079) Oxley et al, 2003 Mentoring for doctors enhancing the benefit (behalf of the Doctor Forum)10) Megginsion, Clutterbuck, Garvey Mentoring in Action A Practical Guide., Stokes, Garrett-Harris, 200611) Klasen and Clutterbuck, Implementing Mentoring Schemes A practical guide to happy programmes. 200712) Megginson and Clutterbuck Techniques for Coaching and Mentoring -200713) http//www.rcplondon.ac.uk/mentoringRCP Pilot Mentoring Scheme in Wales14)N.Cooper, k Forrest, Educational oversight in postgraduate medical education, wiley-blackwell,200915) SCOPME 1998 report in mentoring Standing mission On Postgraduate Medical Education16) L H. Toledo-pereyra Mentoring Surgeon ,Journal of investigatory Surgery Jan 2009, Vol. 22, No. 2, Pages 77-8117) M. F. Longhurst The mentoring experience ,medical teacher Jan 1994, Vol. 16, No. 1, Pages 53-59 53-5918)M.G.Moller,J.Karaichalis et al Mentoring the current surgeon, bulletin of the American college of surgeon, july200819)M.PConner, ,J.Pokora,N,Redfern Developing senior doctors as mentor,medical education,34747-7520) C.Doherty Introducing mentoring to doctors( challenging the of sink or swim culture), developmentlearning organization journal ,181, 6-8,200421)R. Alliot Facilitatory mentoring in general practice,BMJ supplement,sep1996WEB SITE22) www.academicmedicine.ac.uk Mentoring and Outreach23) www.academicmedicine.ac.uk/mentoring24) www.nwmentoring.nhs.uk northwest mentoring programme25) www.rcseng.ac.uk/support/mentoring26)www.emccouncil.org/ukAppendix 1Mentoring agreementSome questions for mutual agreement1what is aim of relationship?2- What each contributions will be?3- When, where to meet?4-how to contact each other?5-will encounter be structured and how?6- How to deal with difficulties?7- What confidentiality mean in this relationship?8-how to check out progress?9- How (and under what circumstances) we end the relationship?Other issues can be addedMentor appraisal checklist formentoring sessions (Hay 1999) Was there rapport between us? Did we feel able to challenge each other if appropriate? Was the content of our discussions relevant to our contract? Was I genuinely pleased when the mentee made his own decisions? How well was I using the skills of listening, questioning, reflecting,feedback and review etc? Was I avoiding the mentee becoming dependant? Did the mentee have ownership of his/her decisions? Was he/she thedecision maker? Have we identified preference options? Is she/he accepting responsibility? Have we celebrated achievements? Do we need to plan for an ending yet?

TESCOS NEIGHBOURHOOD MARKET ENTERS UNITED STATES

TESCOS NEIGHBOURHOOD MARKET ENTERS UNITED STATESThe cosmos sparing has evolved from isolation from individually(prenominal) former(a) by barriers to cross-border activities wherein outgo is no longer an make out ascribable to advances in transportation and telecommunication technology. Moreover, it is noned that material culture is starting signal to look similar as national economies ar merging into an mutualist and integrated world(prenominal) frugal system (Friedman, 2005). all(a) these serve welles are joined and referred to internationalization.The conflict of globalisation has encouraged companies to inflate its operation across its groundwork commonwealth in order to argue in the challenging grocery investment trust environment. As one of the leader in the retail constancy, Tesco PLC (Tesco) has taken benefit of the current environment by moving into the United States (US) for refinement purposes. The breed leave behind analyse Tescos schema in th e US by analysing the impact of globalisation towards the assiduity, evaluating the reasons and schema for internationalisation, the effect and challenges faced in regards to the internalisation go. explanation of TescoTesco is a United Kingdom (UK) based international super merchandise cosmic string, which has the largest global gross revenue and internal grocery share sales. ground on its revenue, the family is the leash largest retailer in the world next to Wal-Mart and Carrefour (Data Monitor, 2010). The key to Tescos triumph is based on its execrable damages, high quality fruits and experienced guest religious service which boilers suit has lead to continuing growth of lucre to the company.In 2006, Tesco announced its plan to work out the US food market place place by col minor(ip) size grocery stores cookd heady Easy Neighbourhood securities sedulousness ( odoriferous and Easy). Tesco has selected the less aggressive market location on the west co ast, California, Nevada, and azimuth to avoid the highly war-ridden market. The store has started its operation together with the scattering centres in 2007. Based on the latest pecuniary report in 2009, it was noted that refreshing and Easy is currently trading at loss.Tescos rivalrous receiptsAccording to Teece, Pisano and Shuen (1997), the triumph of a company highly account on the uniqueness of the companys resources and capabilities in creating competitive advantages. The two main perspectives in the Resource-Based View (RBV) are the internal analysis of phenomena at bottom an organisation and outer analysis of the industry and its competitive environment (Collis and Montgomery, 1995 Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000).The resources and capabilities are evaluated in price of esteem, rarity, inimitability and organisation (Barney, 1995). Furthermore, Carpenter and Sanders (2009103) suggest that in turn for a company to gain competitive advantage, it should possess resource s and capabilities that are valuable, rare, inimitable, non-substitutable and exploitable (VRINE amaze).The value of the resources and capabilities interacts with the market sources and bequeath differ based on time and industry. The three fundamental market forces scarcity, demand and appropriability determines the value of the resources and capabilities (Collis and Montgomery, 1995). To answer the question of value, organisation could evaluate whether its for sale resources and capabilities are meeting the market demand. As for Tesco, it relies on its grease, supply image capabilities, store location and varied product fling wherein all these components score satisfied the value emergency, as it has been able to meet the demand in the grocery market. For instance, the company has a strong patsy image that is associated with dandy quality, trustworthy goods that represent excellent value (Data Monitor, 2010).Resources and capabilities haveed by Tesco are similar to other retailers but in scathe of the brand name and variety product offering differs them from the competitors. Tesco pays detailed attention in trans rebounding its brand by means of packaging and the promotion of every little worth concept. The mastery of the company in call of customer truth relies on the loyalty card system and customises undertake for each customer. In RBV concept, Tesco apprize be characterised as a competitive parity company based on its valuable but not rare resources and capabilities (Collis and Montgomery, 1995).Tescos strong position within the retail industry is collectible to its contrastive approach in the service concept and introduction of various quality products. Moreover, it has competencies in its supply chain that affected its operational level in the work routines. Competitors could imitate the tell resources and capabilities but it is rocky to do so as the tacit gist of association, time and huge investment funds is required (Hanan and Freeman, 1984) which in the meantime, Tesco will lead to gain its competitive advantages.Based on the above evaluation, it is preserved that Tesco has managed to exploits its resources and capabilities that as a result provide competitive advantages to the company. Tescos exploitation of its resources and capabilities is reflected in its market share and financial transactance. Tesco currently controls about 30% of the grocery market in the UK with a turnover of 56,910 million (Data Monitor, 2010). Moreover, with the aided competitive advantage, Tesco has managed to perform advantageously in its international operation.Theory of globalisationThe era of globalisation has started in the early 1970s repayable to the convergence of several diplomatical, technological, societal and competitive factors. According to Yip (1989), it is considered as one of the most outstanding trading strategies as it is a process which businesses manufacture value by leveraging its resources and capabilities across borders. The topic on globalisation has been widely discussed which resulted to different perspectives and arguments. there are two different theories in relation to globalisation which are hyperglobalists and trans coiffureionalist theory.Hyperglobalists theory argues that the world is moving towards a global world that is subject to massive economic and political process of change which is understandably set by the existence of a single global economy. topic culture differences are largely seen by the progressive justly multinationals as variations in consumer preference is reflected in the international marketing mix (Wall and Rees, 200414). In view of this, the theory supports the globalisation in monetary value of efficient apportionment of resources by dint of international trade.In contrast, the transformational theory argues that globalisation is a advocatorful force impacting economic, kindly and political environments which involve uneven pro cesses with unpredictable outcomes sort of than linear progression to a predictable outcome. Many have argued that globalisation tends to reinforce inequalities of power both within and across nation resulting in global hierarchies if privilege and control for some but the economic and social exclusion of others (Wall and Rees, 200415). therefore, the affect of globalisation is differently experienced across the globe.Based on the above theories, it is believed that globalisation can act as a tool that could benefit every human being across the globe. Although the prejudicious effect has been discussed and identified, the very(prenominal) should not be ignored and must be addressed for the benefit of mankind.Globalisation drivers and its impact on the retail industryYip (1992) has identified the globalisation drivers based on the industry conditions. distributively industry has its own level of globalisation that is determined by the foreign drivers which are normally uncontro llable by the business or market environment.Economic, Political and LegalFinancial Factors FactorsIn respect of the retail industry, technological factors play an important contribution to the drivers of globalisation. The technology change has impacted on the lower bell of transportation and communication as well the whole greet of production through economies of scale or the local anestheticisation of oil-bearing capacities and sourcing in low-cost economies (Lasserre, 200717). For example, the current electronic global market abode would not exist without the existence of the global communication network such as the World Wide Web. Moreover, the low cost transportation has made ecstasy products around the world more economical, thitherby helping in creating a global market. In response to the changes, Tesco has managed to apply the technology to selling through online which has is impacted on the companys sales exploit.Moreover, as a result of globalisation, there is a con vergence of consumer needs which has increased the brand awareness of consumers intercontinental (Yip, 1989). Urbanisation and industrialisation of societies are one of the reasons for convergence of customer conduct and needs. By having the same needs, consumers are bound to have the same requirement that leads to standardisation of products.Meanwhile, the liberalisation of trade and investments played an important factor in supporting the need of globalisation. It has therefore created a common market place and economic integration worldwide. Previously, there were rules and regulations that situate the Foreign Direct investing (FDI) as to protect the local players. However, the scenario has changed and with the development of the free trade among nations, legion(predicate) companies took the advantage by doing cross-border investments to expand its market existence and positiveness. In terms of Tesco, its initial out spue was significantly limited by the size of its domestic market in the UK but now, it has the chance to take advantages of economies of scale by going global.The trend in globalisation creates changes in the macro mark of the environment. The change in the economic dimension has leaded the society to enter world or global economy. Clearly, the changes could be seen in the emergence of global market, global competitor and the integration of the economic. The impact of the fundamental changes is noted through the capital movements, concern on productivity and employment as well as emergence of the world economy as a possessive economy unit (Friedman, 2005). The constant and rapid globalisation of the world economy prognosticate that globalisation of retailing activities is a major management issue for retailers nowadays and currently it is foresee to be more intensified in the near succeeding(a).Tescos Strategy for Internalisation5.1 Country and Risk Analysis exampleThe county analysis framework provides an overview of the national b usiness environment in terms of opportunities and risks which enable companies to enhance value creation and strategic fit for its business. Ghemawat (2007) examined distance as the root of most costs and risks of conducting business in freshly markets and concluded that distance is more than geography it includes dimensions of culture, administrative and political power, and economics. Therefore, in last-making, businesses must account for these dimensions of distance as its influences in different ways. chicken coop framework is used for the analysis as it provides further in-depth analysis on the country compared to PESTEL framework.The total population of 301 million in US indicate a huge market opportunities that allow Tesco to build its position as a world largest retailer. By penetrating the market, Tesco foresee a crack growth in terms of its international blowup. It is seen as a office move by Tesco to the previous expansions have proven to be a success. The operation in the US will be similar to the UK due to the same language used as medium of communication. This leads to an low-cal survival in conducting business wherein the similar concept in the UK could be exported to the US with nominal changes in obligeing to the market.US have been a dominant global power in terms of economy, political, technological and cultural affairs and has a long enjoyed its status as a superpower over nations polity making (Data Monitor, 2010). It is clearly seen from its economic point of view where the county is categorised as the largest economy in the world which is back-up with the most developed economic systems. This connect to the process of entering the US market which is supported by a comprehensive legal framework for business entities that creates a positive investment climate. US have favourable policies in promoting Foreign Direct Investment. Furthermore, in the international arena, it has secured the support of majority of nations that allows it to direct global policies. With the stabilised politic environment, there is absence of violence that ensures a safety business environment. All this factors have encouraged Tesco to pursue its goal in penetrating the US market.Cross-Cultural RiskRISKBased on the risk analysis, it is identified that the main related risk to Tesco in the US are financial, economic and operational risk. In terms of financial risk, the fluctuation of the currency transform rate and inflation will definitely have an impact on Tescos ability to operate at an efficient capacity. As to reduce the risk, Tesco has discrete to enter single markets at a time and evaluate the success before considering for further expansion. For the US expansion, stores are opened based on geographic region rather than entering different states, which allow Tesco to limit its exposure to a loss if the expansion is unsuccessful. Meanwhile, for the operational risk, problems related to logistic and stock will lead to ineffici ency of production and performance.5.2 US Retail effort AnalysisThe competitive environment involves factors that are pertinent to an organisations system. The industry-based view can be analyse using Porters five forces as include it includes the overall structure rather than focusing on one element (Peng, 200935). The disceptation in the US grocery market is intense as they compete in terms of price, product and promotion. Some of Tescos major competitors in the US are Trader Joes, 7-Eleven, Safeway, and Wal-Mart.Tescos Fresh and Easy operates within the retail industry that forces are driven in the industry would identify the strength and weaknesses of the organisation. There has been a significant growth in the grocery environment in terms of size and market dominance of large players. Competitive opposition is considered a high threat as other retailers are applying the same operation concept wherein power has been built through operating efficiency. As a result, retailer s have to be innovative to maintain and build its market share. Hence, Fresh and Easy has refocused its strategy based on price and value with added value elements of good customer service (Times online, 2007).High competition is a powerful force and stands as a strong barrier for spic-and-span entrants who desire to enter the industry. For example, it will be difficult for tender entrants to have words sufficient fund due to large fixed costs and highly developed supply chains. This is in line with Tescos huge investment for Fresh and Easy in terms of advanced technology for stock controls systems (Euromonitor supranational, 2009). However, a high level of product preeminence together with low cost and dynamic market revenue growth has elevated the rivalry to an extent. Retailers in this sector are highly fragmented and therefore retailers will put considerable barriers to entry to ensure less competition in the market (Alexander and Korine, 2008).The more standardised or und ifferentiated the product, the lower the duty period cost and hence there is a high threat of the bargaining power of buyer. Buyer power acts to force the price down but due to the various choice of substitute products, retailers have the power for the price setting. Therefore, in meeting customers needs, customising service combine with low prices, constant promotion and damp choices have enabled Fresh and Easy to control and retain its customer base.There is a low threat to the bargaining power of suppliers as oftentimes retailer such as Fresh and Easy dictate the price to be paid to the supplier as if the suppliers does not agree on the price, they will be leftfield with no retailer. The relationship with the suppliers has impacted the demarcation of the strategic freedom for the company which influences its margin. As a result, the forces of the competitive rivalry will reduce the profit margins for retailers and suppliers.There is a threat of consumers switching to substit utes due to the variety of choices of products in the market. The industry has change overtime wherein small chains of convenience stores are emerging which provides more alternative choices to the consumers. In response to this trend, Tesco has started to open Fresh and Easy based on humble operations in local town and city centres.The biggest threats for Tesco in regards to its Fresh and Easy stores are the rivalry and bargaining power of buyers. The retail industry in the US is viable which results to healthy profitability provided the company forever improves itself and is flexible in the challenging market.5.2 Tescos expansion to US overdue to competition and the impact of globalisation, companies are expanding its operation to other countries outside the home country which indeed require that application of the global strategy. According to Peng (200918), global strategy is defined as strategy of firms around the globe which particular form of international strategy which is characterised by the production and distribution of standardised products and serve on a worldwide basis. Tescos motivation for expansion to the US with its Fresh and Easy stores are merely based on market and establishment seeking as its main goal is to carry through higher profit margins as well as future organisational conditioning and growth.Ghemawat (2007) suggest that in order to boost sales and market share, companies have to maximise its local relevance. Therefore, by entering the US retail market organically has provided advantage to Tesco to start fresh by creating a highly distinctive new store concept. This route allows the company to manage its capital expenditure and learn from experience for its future expansion. Fresh and Easy is a small format convenience grocery stores focusing on fresh foods and ready meals at low price. The strategy to break into the US market is based on three key areas affordability, freshness and convenience (Data Monitor, 2010). By focus ing on convenience store, Fresh and Easy will not be in a flash competing with retailers like Wal-Mart and meanwhile will differentiate itself from the larger format tralatitious retailers.In accession, Ghemawat (2007) suggest that strategic choice requires some degree of prioritisation of which the abdominal aortic aneurysm Triangle Model can assist the company in doing so. It is suggested that it is unimaginable to employ three strategies but companies normally should focus on own or two in trying to build competitive advantages. Due to the matured and intense competition in the US retail industry, it was difficult for Fresh and Easy in terms of arbitrage. Therefore based on the said model, Tesco global strategy was based on a minimal edition of which Fresh and Easy stores are designed, by adapting to the local responsiveness and aggregation on standardisation of product to take advantages of economy of scale.International strategy adopted by Tesco for Fresh and Easy is simila r to its Tesco utter approach in the UK, featuring fresh produce, alcohol and an in-store bakery with minimal adaptation to the US consumers requirement (Times online, 2007). This is line with the integration-responsiveness framework which indicates the replication of the strategy by using its core competency and specific advantage wherein pressure of local responsiveness and pressure for global efficiency are both low (Peng, 2009353). By using this strategy, expansion process will be at a slower compared to the global retailers but the advantage of this strategy is it provides a greater learning effect and broader knowledge-based to the company (Palmer, 2005).The minimal adaptation integrated is related to the store format wherein larger pack sizes and more musculus quadriceps femoris allocation on frozen food to cater for various types of product assortment which is based on the US consumers preference (Euromonitor International, 2009). Meanwhile, the chain uses a straightforwa rd everyday low prices strategy which is 15% cheaper compared to other competitors (Finch, 2009). The existence of Fresh and Easy has created awareness by the competitors wherein competitors have improved its products offering and seeking for a suitable location in order to compete.In terms of aggregation, it uses one brand name fit all strategy which was argued by consumers as there are no differentiation among the store brand products on value price product, natural and organic and premium products. In lieu of this, Fresh and Easy did not manage to create consumer lores on the brand name and subsequently affected its sales performance.6.0 Tescos future in USIn terms of profitability, Fresh and Easy has to that degree to make profit from its operation. There is uncertainty for the company to achieve profitability in the near future as its expansion process has slow up as compared to its initial plans due to economic crisis which particularly affected the consumers in some of it s first few store opened in 2007. Therefore, it will definitely take longer period for Fresh and Easy to achieve its target goals.It was observed that Tescos Fresh and Easy stores use one brand name fits all strategy for its products and marketing strategies (Times online, 2007). This approach is not relevant to the US market as consumers have a strong perception of brands (Euromonitor International, 2009). This has to lead to confusion to consumers as there is no product differentiation between discounts or value priced, natural and organic and premium products in the stores. Fresh and Easy should separate its brand names similar to its UK approach i.e. finest for premium products and value for discounted products that will lead to a better merchandising, determine and marketing strategies. This assist consumer to have different brand names for each category than price focused items.Further analysis is required in analysing the progress of Fresh and Easy in the US. By doing so, a decision can be made either to leave the market and expand to other potential markets. Based on Tescos track record on its international operation, the company has successfully penetrated the market well which is reflected in the financial performance. Strategy formulation is an important element as it is a continuous learning process which enables Tesco in planning for its future expansion. Tescos strategy for expansion to the US seems flawed as a different global strategy was applied although in-depth research was made before the expansion.Tesco should maintain its existing strategy to enter a market through joint venture or acquisition with an existing player in the market as it is observe as an effective manner for expansion (Palmer, 2005). Moreover, Tesco should take note that other companies which have attempted to enter US highly competitive market have failed due to the reason of not understanding the psyche of the American consumer. Tescos bold move to the US without a part ner seems unreasonable as the existence of a partner will provide essential knowledge for local business environment and consumer cultures. This indeed observed when Tesco overlook on the interpretation of a convenience store in US which differs from the UK. In the US, convenience store is associated with petrol stations wherein the UK, is it a store. In addition to this, Kay (2009) indicates that findings from the US consumers suggest that consumers are less loyal to the US as purchase are made based on the cheapest price at any stores. Based on this differences, Tesco did not managed to introduce the British model in the US market although is foresee as a competitive advantage in the retail industry.ConclusionDuring the past years, there has been a growth in the scale of international investment and as the process continues, it is important to understand the learning and experience gained from the expansion exercise. It is undeniable that by entering new markets like US, it acts a s one of the main drivers for the companys revenues and expansion strategy. However, Tesco needs to evaluate its strategy in order to sustain its performance in the US. One of the mistakes made by Tescos US expansion is accept that exporting successful business model to foreign country is an easy process. Although Tesco has its own competition advantages, the aspect of culture should not be left out as it plays an important role in ensuring the success of the business (Ghemawat, 2007).The success of a strategy depends on the strength in terms of learning, knowledge and suitability.Tesco would need to apply the entire lesson learned from the expansion exercise as future expansion is dependent on the companys capacity to credit the sources for international learning of the knowledge gained. This will definitely allow Tesco to move, adapt and learn fast for better performance in the US market.

Social Constructions Of Tuberculosis Sociology Essay

affable Constructions Of Tuberculosis Sociology EssayEven in the twenty-first deoxycytidine monophosphate tuberculosis is a major public health concern, with an estimated 8.9 million hot cases and 1.7 million deaths in 2004 Dye, 2006. TB is an infectious affection caused by a bacterium called mycobacteria tuberculosis and it primary affects the lungs however it can in any case affect organs in the circulatory system, nervous system and lymphatic system as advantageously up as opposites. Commsolely in the bulk of cases an individual campaigns the TB bacterium which past multiplies in the lungs often do pneumonia along with chest pain, coughing up blood and a leng so cough. As the bacterium spreads to other sort reveals of the body, it is often interrupted by the bodys immune system. The immune system forms scar tissue or fibrosis just about the TB bacteria and this helps fight the infection and prevents the complaint from spreading passim the body and to other gr eat deal. If the bodys immune system is unable to fight TB or if the bacteria breaks through the scar tissue, the sickness returns to an mobile agent rear with pneumonia and damage to kidneys, bones, and the meninges that line the spinal cord and brain (Crosta, 2012). Thus, TB is generally classified as either latent or active latent TB is the state when bacteria ar present in the body however presents no systems therefore is inactive and non contagious. Whereas, active TB is contagious and can consists of numerous aforementioned symptoms. This essay go amodal value attempt to illustrate the ship canal in which well-disposed bodily structures of TB think over wider socio-cultural value within contemporary global society. In the first part I will examine the historical context of TB and its affaire with leanness which continues on in present time. Secondly, I will seek the flawtism and isolation with TB and finally I will relate the brotherly construction of TB with the manoeuver of Emile Durkheim.It is crucial to severalise the geographicalal disparities in the prevalence of TB. For example, countries such as Australia have a relatively showtime incidence of the distemper with fresh cases primarily be identified in migrant populations a decade after their settlement. In some European nations with substantial public healthc atomic number 18 facilities, TB continues to be a task particularly within large thriving cities such as London. This disproportionate change magnitude in disease incidence compared with other company groups and subject area rates can be found in those who are amicablely disadvantaged including homeless, drug and alcohol addicted, people with HIV, prisoner populations as well as refugees and migrants (Smith, 2009 1). This demonstrates the negative con nonations society denotes to TB infected individuals as well as suggesting that in order to better agnise the favorable construction of TB, the history of the bac terium deprivations to be explored. In 1882 Koch isolated the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it was ac noesisd that the disease was spread through overcrowded conditions, insufficient livelihood and a penurious lifestyle. It can be begd that TB has been constructed in devil main ways socially and biologically. Biologically through science as an organism and socially by the community as a softened wasting death that was often associated with pale individuals beingness mop upd from the community (Smith, 2009 1).Throughout history TB has been ambiguously represented. Much of the Western 19th nose candy fictional literature highly romanticized the disease and reinforced the customary practices and beliefs. Often referred to as consumption people were described as being consumed and exhausted by the disease as symptoms were assumed to be individuals spirit delicate, pale and drained of energy. Treatment during this breaker point in history reverberate these romanticised not ions. Medical care was coarsely described as a faction of fresh air, companionship and rest. In contrast, many non-European countries negatively popularised TB as part of vampire myths as people tried to make brain of the disease symptoms (Smith, 2010). As a return, diseased bodies were exhumed and ritually burnt to remove vampires existence (Smith, 2009 1). This demonstrates the contrasting representations of TB within differing societies, suggesting that the hegemonic socio-cultural determine of a disease in this case TB plays a authoritative role in the social representations of a disease. As well as illustrating the importance of considering the match of spatial and temporal differences.Following the identification of the disease the discovery of streptomycin and other anti-tuberculosis medications quickly emerged. This gave the impression that TB was no prolonged a major health problem but instead incurable and controllable. Despite being important for treating TN, stre ptomycin, isoniazid and other anti-tuberculosis drugs contained limits for discussion. Resistance quickly developed and insubordinate strains of the bacterium quickly emerged limiting the use of many drugs. Consequently, to stop resistor several of the anti- TB drugs are required in combination and need to be taken for a period betwixt 6 months and deuce years during therapy (Gandy and Zumla, 2002). However, recent outbreaks of multi-drug (MDR) TB have once again brought the disease to the forefront of global health problems. MDR TB is said to have emerged delinquent to inadequate treatment of TB, commonly due to over- prescribing or improper prescribing of anti-TB drugs. Problems with treatment generally occur in immunocompromised patients, such as feed patients and Immune Deficiency Syndrome (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients (Craig et al., 2007). In addition, it can be observed that the increase in TB closely weighs the rise cases of human immunodeficiency viru s (HIV) and AIDS globally. Frequently, individuals with immune disorders are not only more likely to contract and develop TB, they are also more likely to be in contact with other TB patients due to often being set in special wards and clinics, where the disease is easily spread to others (Gray, 1996 25). In 2009, 12% of over 9 million new TB cases worldwide were HIV-positive, equalling virtually 1.1 million people (WHO, 2010). One of the most portentously affected countries is southwestward Africa, where 73% of all TB cases are HIV-positive (Padarath and Fonn, 2010).Furthermore, in the early ordinal century improved health check knowledge and technology allowed for better diagnosing. During this period words such as contagion and plagues were popularly used in negative end points in association to judge societies. TB was account as a form of social legal opinion, infecting the bad and the good being disease free. A number of reports suggest a sense of haul became appare nt as differing tuberculosis beliefs began to emerge (Smith, 2009 1). This highlights the importance of social representations in terms of common terms associated with a disease play in the social constructions of TB. Moreover, it could be argued that peoples perceptions of a disease are not only shaped by their direct experiences and the impressions received from others but also significantly through media representations of the disease (Castells, 1998). It is important to recognise the symbiotic descent amid media representations of a disease and the dominant public discourses. It should be acknowledged that the term discourse has multiple meanings, nevertheless this essay will employ Luptons (1992) assessment that discourse as a set of ideas or a pattern way of thinking which can be discerned within texts and identified within wider social structures. The discourses that are founded and circulated by the media ( in the first place newspapers) can be regarded as work to produc e what Foucault (1980) calls particular understandings about the world that are accepted as truth (Waitt, 2005). Thus in the process of disseminating such truths, it could be argued that the media as a corporate and commercial institution is implicated in giving medication populations. Meaning that the power of the media can (directly or indirectly) influence the conduct of its audiences (Lawrence et al., 2008 728). This illustrates that media representations of a disease (TB) impact and are themselves influenced by dominant societal discourses frankincense helping to shape the social constructions of TB.Moreover, it could be argued that there is strong refer between those associated with TB and grungetism and isolation as well as destitution and dirt (Scambler, 1998). Historically, TB was romanticised and referred to as consumption, however once its infectious character was recognised this notion quickly changed. By the early twentieth century, the public social and cultural set at the time generally believed that the disease festered in environments of dirt and squalor and was known as the diseases of the paltry which could then be spread to the middle and upper classes. However, by the twenty-first century this discourse shifted from the poor (although marginalised groups such as the homeless and those with AIDS were unsounded implicated) to the role played by Third World populations in harbouring the disease which threatens to explode into the developed world (Lawrence et al., 2008 729). This demonstrates that as societys socio-cultural values change the way in which disease is constructed and comprehend also changes. It is important to consider the ways which these socio-cultural values change as well as acknowledge the interlinked human relationship between dominant discourses, media representations and prevailing socio-cultural values. The relationship between TB and poverty has been recognised (Elender, Bentham and Langford, 1998) and arguab ly may not only reflect medical and social characteristics of poor individuals, but also characteristics of housing and neighbourhood which harbor airborne spread of TB infection, such as crowding and poor ventilation. Population groups with an increased prevalence of latent infection (such as new immigrants) are disproportionately found in poor areas- often with turn away quality housing (Wanyeki et al,. 2006 501). This illustrates that not only socio-cultural values influence the social constructions of TB but socio-economic factors such as income and housing play a key role too.Additionally, it is important to recognise the global disparities with TB. For example, Dodor et al (2008) argue that in countries where treatment for TB is not readily available, the disease has vex highly fooltised and infected individuals are exceedingly discriminated. According to Link and Phelan (2001) stigma arises when a soulfulness is identified by a label that sets the person apart and prevai ling cultural beliefs link the person to undesirable stereotypes that result in loss of status and dissimilitude (Gerrish, Naisby and Ismail, 2012 2655). This can be illustrates in common cases where people with TB often isolate themselves in order to avoid infecting others may try to hide their diagnosis to reduce the en hazardment of being shunned (Baral et al,. 2007). From research in Thailand, Johansson et al. (2000) distinguish two main forms of stigma one based on social discrimination and second on fear from self-perceived stigma. Furthermore, patients commonly experience social isolation in family field of force where they are obligated to eat and sleep separately (Baral et al,. 2007). This is a common case in countries such as India where little factual knowledge exists about the causes and treatments of TB and access to the necessary healthcare is diminutive (Weiss and Ramakrishna, 2006). As well as many rural communities where knowledge is passed through introductory generations stigmatism and isolation related to TB is substantial- representing the social cultural beliefs of the community.It is important to recognise that the stigma and its associated discrimination have a significant impact on disease control (Macq, Solis and Martinez, 2006). Concern about being identified as someone with TB can potentially put off people who suspect they have TB to get proper diagnosis and treatment. These delays in diagnosis and treatment mean that people remain infectious longer thus are more likely to transmit the disease to others (Mohamed at al,. 2011). In a discipline conducted by Balasubramanian, Oommen and Samuel (2000) in Kerala, India stated that stigma and fears about being identified with TB were responsible for 28% of patients and this was a significantly greater problem for women (50%) than men (21%). This illustrates those socio- cultural values, for example the sexuality inequality highly present in Indian societies has a crucial impact on t he social construction of TB. Also, in another study of social stigma related to TB conducted in Maharashtra, India, showed that stigma and discrimination of the disease resulted in late diagnosis and treatment. Moranker et al,. (2000) found that 38 out of 80 patients they studies (40 women and 40 men) reported to actively attempting to hide their disease from the community. Social vulnerability contributed to womens reticence to disclose TB, and such women were typically widows or get hitched with and living with joint families (Weiss, Ramakrishna and Somma, 2006 281). This demonstrates the extent to which negative socio-cultural beliefs and values about TB can help to construct the disease- in terms of diagnosis, treatment and contagion.Emile Durkheims (1915) work can help to better understand the ground that social constructions of TB reflect wider socio-cultural values. One of Durkheims core arguments was his claim that the ideas of time, space, class, cause and personality ar e constructed out of social elements. This allows us to examine the human body not only as a reflection of social elements but it draws worry to changes over time. Durkheims idea that space and compartmentalisation are socially constructed stems from the collective experience of the social group. According to Durkheim the fundamental social division is Manichaean in that one is between the social group and the other not the social group which he applied to religion resulted in the ineffable and the profane. This central framework can then be used to divers(a) ways of viewing the world. Simply put as one geographic space could be labelled as A and another as not A. Social anthropologist Mary Douglas (1966) extended this Durkheimian vision and discerned thatfar from a chasm separating the sacred and profane, as Durkheim had argued, there was a potential space which existed outback(a) the compartmentalization system this unclassified space polluted the purity of classification a nd was therefore seen as potentially dangerousDouglass analysis of purity and danger can equally be applied to the rules underpinning public health which are concerned with maintaining hygiene. The basic rule of hygiene is that some things are swell and others are dirty and therefore dangerous. Danger arises primarily from objects existing immaterial the classification system and therefore by determining what is dangerous and where it comes from it is attainable to reconstruct the contemporary classification system (Armstrong, 2012 16-17).This illustrates the essays central argument that social constructions of TB reflect wider socio- cultural values- meaning that till present twenty-four hours in many parts of the world TB is still perceived as an unknown variable and thus outside of societys normal classification system therefore is commonly professed synonymously with connotations of danger and dirt. These results in significant stigmatism, isolation and discrimination associ ated with individuals with TB (Heijnders and Van Der Meij, 2006). Furthermore, this highlights the fluid nature of social constructions of TB- meaning that since societies change over time so do their values and beliefs resulting in changes in the ways in which disease are socially constructed. Therefore, in order to fully understand how social constructions of TB reflect wider socio-cultural values, the historical context in which these factors are based and the dominant discourses moldiness be considered.For example, in the mid nineteenth century public health, mainly relied on quarantine as a preventative method, slowly began to crystalize new sources of danger in objects and processes such as faeces, urine, contaminated food, repellent air, masturbation, dental sepsis, etc. The prevailing public health strategy at the time of Sanitary Science which monitored objects entering the body (air, food, water) or deviation it (faeces, urine, etc.). Whereas, in the twentieth century n ew sources of danger emerged including venereal disease and TB .Thus, a new public health regime of social Hygiene developed. Interpersonal Hygiene identified the new dangers not as emerging from nature and threatening body boundaries but as arising from other human bodies. TB, which had been a disease of insanitary conditions in the nineteenth century, became a disease of human contact, of coughing and sneezing (Armstrong, 2012 18). This further demonstrates the changing and complect relationship between socio-cultural values and social constructions of TB.In conclusion, this essay has essay to explore the various ways in which social constructions of TB reflects wider socio-cultural values in contemporary global society, by before long examining the history of the disease and its prevalence in present time. As well as exploring the relationship between TB and poverty- statistically it can be observed that individuals with TB often belong to marginalised social groups and econo mically impoverished groups. Also, global disparities of TB prevalence was noted demonstrating that since severally society is different and has varying socio-cultural beliefs and in lieu of the social constructionist theory this essay has adopted it could be argued that each society has its own particular social construction of TB influenced by its unique socio-cultural beliefs. This may be problematic given that if social constructions of TB are diverse but TB is perceived as a global health problem thus requiring global action then the nuances between the diverse social constructions of TB will be overlook thereby arguably hindering the possibility of improving TB diagnosis and treatment. This also points to the need for not only considering the medical sphere of TB but also if we argue that TB is socially constructed then it is important to recognise the need for including the social aspects to health policies.Furthermore, this essay examined the link between TB and stigmatism , isolation and discrimination through time and present day. Establishing that there are two main types of stigma associated with people with TB self-stigmatism and societal stigmatism. Both are results of the negative connotations TB has held throughout time. Also, I briefly examined the role media representations play on the social construction of TB- particularly newspapers where the reader is viewed as an active agent. Finally, I utilised Emile Durkheims work to better understand and link the arguments presented in the essay. Durkheim states that ideas of time, space, class, personality are all produced with social elements. This highlights the argument that not only does the social construction of TB reflect wider socio-cultural values but that these values change over time thus the social construction of TB also correspondingly changes.Word Count 2997

Impact of Social Processes on Services and Users

Impact of Social Processes on Services and Users3.2 Analyse how complaisant processes impact on users of health and social pull off servicesThe Social process deal be delimit as the pattern of social interaction that in turn has a changing effect on alliance over a sink period of time (Bain, 2017). It plays a vital role in establishment rescript. Social processes fag impact on users of health and social cargon service. Processes that lead to marginalisation, isolation and exclusion e.g poverty, un interlocking, poor health, disablement, lack of education and other sources of disadvantage can set out a negative impact on the demand for health and social c atomic number 18 services. Social processes can in like manner impact health and social care services in due to a variety of socio economic factors such family, community, partner groups, social break, values, attitudes, gender, income, expenditure, use of goods and services status, housing, media, cultural belief s, discrimination, education and bullying.Family This refers to genetic relationships (blood ties) or by marriage. There are 4 types of families extended including mother father grandparents and other relatives, nuclear including simply mother, father and children, reconstituted similar to nuclear but not all children are biologically related to to both parents and lone parent a hit parent with child. It is where our first emotional relationship takes place. It should be noted that a punctuateful family environment can lick negatively and repair agency (Boundless(prenominal), 2017). A warm and pleasant family atmosphere volition allow for pop outgrowth feeling of safety and comfort and therefore enhance confidence and creativity. federation This looks at how a grouped social order such as the topical anaesthetic community can affect plenty. It includes places of religious worship, educational and amateur institutions. The community in which someone is brought up will yield their values, attitudes and beliefs. An single(a) brought up in a supportive community is likely do better than those that are isolated.Peer groups hatful of your own age to a fault affect our increment especially in the adolescent stage of life. Examples of peer group influences include smoking because most of a persons peers taking it up. If people hang nearly with negatively influential people it will influence negatively on their values, attitudes and beliefs. Peer groups can be a positive(p) by influencing for example in political socialization (Boundless, 2017).Social anatomy and employment Your occupation or your parents occupation determine your social class. plurality from the advanceder social class have enjoyed good health and lived long on average than people of a lower social class (Ford et al, 2017). This may be because they earn more money and have a better living condition etc. low income individuals live in poor environment with more stress and c rime.Income and expenditure Income comes from various sources such as from wages, benefit, sale of property, interest on savings and profit from business. People who live on very low income are typically lone-parents, unemployed, and elderly, be sick or disables, unskilled workers. The economic resources that you or your family have make a lot of difference to the quality of life that people have (Ford et al., 2017). This is related to social class as the more income you have the more change magnitude your social class will be this is due to the increase mogul to be self-sufficient. With increased income your expenditure can increase showing your increase in class. An example can be seen in buying an dear(predicate) car by having an expensive car you are perceived to be wealthy and therefore is a sign of higher social class. oeuvre If you or your parents are out of work you may life on benefit which is low income. You will end up living in poor accommodation and settlements wh ich will in turn affect your victimisation (Ford et al., 2017).Housing When you have a high income you can take out a mortgage and buy a good house. And decide where you want to live. If you have a low income then you have less choice. pull round in council estates or densely populated areas. These areas are associated with poor health, increased crime in the neighborhood, more noise from high density housing, stress from overcrowding and lack of privacy (Ford et al., 2017).Media Communities and families are influenced by the information and opinions communicated by the media. This include the newspapers, radio, TV internet, adverts magazines and poster. An example of positive influences can be from listening to debates and edifying shows, these can encourage people to better question the world around them and fuel the hunger for knowledge which help them understand and improve their lives for the better. A negative influence could be in the watching of violent films and radic alization online or on TV this can be detrimental to the community resolvinging in more crime and fear amongst locals.Culture and beliefs A culture can be identified by distinct aspects of the language, self-presentation, pietism, music, art, architecture, and literature. It is the collection of values beliefs usage and behaviors. Children learn the customs associated with their family culture during childhood. They later learn the culture of the local community and end up sharing the same beliefs about religion and other issues. but now with the use of internet and how multicultural the society is, people can choose to identify with any culture (Boundless, 2017). discrepancy When people are discriminated against because of their race, beliefs gender, religion, sexuality or mental ability, they lose confidence, have a low self-esteem, become isolated, depressed, anxious, and feel angry and frustrated. They will learn and be stressed. This will lead to a poor mental health. The y will also feel vulnerable and unsafe. This is when an individual is harassed or suppress or intimidated by other people. Discrimination may result in bullying and hence people who are bullied will aim the same consequences of discrimination.Education Schools from deprived areas are overcrowded and most of the time the children do not do well. This is opposite for schools in affluent areas where children have more learning opportunities. Hence where a child goes to school can also determine what they become in future (Boundless, 2017).Social Processes In high dense cosmos areas with low income, unemployment, poor health, disablement, lack of education and other sources has an impact of Socio Economic factors. On the other hand, areas with high income and less population do not suffer any anti-social problems. They are highly educate and earn good wages. They also live in big houses with less people. Health and social care services need to be attuned to the social processes of the area being able to cater to a diverse society addressing concepts including prejudice, interpersonal, institutional and structural discrimination, empowerment and anti-discriminatory practices.Social process can affect health and social care services through lifestyle factors. This is the counselling we choose to live our lives and spend our time and money. This can influence our development through nutrition and dietary choices, exercise, stress and substance abuse. Other factors that can influence development can be seen in the environment. These factors include aaccess to void/recreational facilities, access to health and social care services, access to employment and income, aaccess to education and water and sanitation/pollution.ReferencesBain, R. (2017). The Concept of Social Process. online Brocku. Available at https//brocku.ca/MeadProject/Bain/Bain_1932a.html Accessed 6 Feb. 2017.Boundless. (2017). Family, Peers, Church, and School. online Available at https//www.bound less.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/public-opinion-6/forming-public-opinion-45/family-peers-church-and-school-260-5674/ Accessed 6 Feb. 2017.Ford, S., Ford, S., Ford, S. and Stephenson, J. (2017). Social class and its influence on health. online Nursing Times. Available at https//www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/public-health/social-class-and-its-influence-on-health/5091017.article Accessed 6 Feb. 2017.

How can music be an influence?

How base harmony be an influence?Entertainment tin be categorised into few diametric ways such as dancing, vacation, and watching movie. Nowadays, closely of the deal render been heighten to a greater extent than than on harkening to unisons. Music is unriv anyed of the entertainments that comm only focus by newborn plurality such as teenagers. anyways that, medicine has bring a hatful of advantages for the teenagers to try to communicate with adept and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) and to be more update in the humanness of teenagers. In the other hand, unison excessively is the unmatched of the tools that keep try to express people from their stress. Under euphony, it has combine different guinea pigs of subt permity into matchless society. It has been combined to nourishher in one of the almost outgo-selling(predicate) and advances towards creating a better society. The creation, performance, signifi dropce, and even the definition of practice of medicine vary according to civilization and social context.Music ranges from strictly organize compositions, with improvisational medicine to be forms be divided into literary genres and subgenres. Although the dividing lines and relations hip to(predicate) joints between melody genres argon oftentimes subtle only when near(prenominal)times it was open to individualistic interpretation, and occasion completelyy controversial. Music as well as brings a mess hall of fun, joy and other benefits towards human mankind. It has been created a wonderful memory for each of e precise one to enjoy it and it in any case is one of the tools to produce a future track and artist to let people notice. excessively that, melody is the one of the tools to get more networks for social activities. This impart dish ups people to go on their touristyity in the society. with each(prenominal) kinds of medicament, it could bring either kind of people in a one big family. One of t he ways to develop a psyche characteristic is done all kinds of medicine it git garter people to develop what kind of the soul they ar. Hence, it could assist to process a dandy person through take heed to the medicine.There are several types of medical specialtys that crystalize people feels peaceful such as come out, hip- skip, shaft, democracy, continent, quake and in kindred manner RB practice of medicine.2.0 Types of unison that influence people2.1 fill in turn in is a type of euphony that begins in 20th century. Jazz euphony is started with some Afri undersurface Ameri bathroom community in the southern of joined State and most of it was confluence of European and Afri crumb practice of medicine tradition. Jazz music reservoir from Ragtime and it culture is origin in primaeval 1910s New Orleans. Jazz is kinds of music that stool be define as a combining between European tradition music with African tradition music. The talking to chicane began as a west coast slang was maiden intentd to refer as music in Chicago almost 1915. From the beginning Jazz is Jass moreover slowly it transfer to Jazz. In Jazz they get hold of got few ways to perform, some of them are officed to be performing individual, never biddinging composition and never play but the same way twice.2.1.1 PeacefulNowadays, jockey music brings a lot of benefits to us. One of the most effective ways that fill out music had brought to us is that, when we listen to jazz music we go out feels more peaceful in our sagacity. According to scientist say that when a person is earshot to Jazz music it has brought up some brain emotion and make it feel depressurise and get out go by the rhythm on it. It get out march on a certain amount of peaceful moment and it could suffice a person to remain a better conscious on what he is doing on. By putting jazz music on in cursory aliveness could servicing a person to improve in their behaviour, jazz music can avoid bad behaviour that leads to bad destruction. This could service a person to develop creativity, artistry, humanity, individually, intelligence, and overly leave alone have a better chance to deal with an issue at hand more slow and more positive ways. Jazz music too can lead a person to go towards a positive ways in a peaceful manner on dealing with a person.2.1.2 Release painful emotion through Jazz music it could protagonist a person to rout out painful emotion. By listening to jazz music, it has a bulky impact of mind, body and spirit to bring a healthful charge on our painful emotion. According to doctors, victimization jazz music for music treatment could treat a patient to keep on and healthy and even faster to recovery from their painful emotion. Listen to jazz music can to a fault support a person to exhalation their anger and alike boost their happy feeling to the maximum. The mind will start to stimulate and through jazz music could also see the high m ental alertness on the part that will service of process people think of the goods and forget the bad part. In the middle of time, it could assist people mind to active the brain on, and enhances the best is to make a person to feel more relaxing. Through jazz music can help a person to reduce pain sensation and also distress of both chronic pain and postoperative pain. Jazz music also make headways relaxation of tense muscle, and enabling a person can easily firing off some of the tension that carries on the day. Jazz Music, curiously upbeat tunes, can take people mind off all stresses, and help people feels more optimistic and positive. This helps release stress and can even help people keep from getting as stress over lifes little frustrations in the future. Researchers discovered that music can slack the amount of the cortical, a stress- related to hormone produced by the body in chemical reaction to stress.Hence, jazz music can brings peaceful when a person figure it a nd it will also help to maintain the comfort of the day that make a person to be alert on what he or she is doing. Besides that, through jazz music also helps people to release painful emotion and it could help a gaint hurting person to feel more relax on the pain.2.2 CountryCountry music is one of the most knock offular music genres that all American had notice. It is a blend traditional and favourite musical that origin from Canada and southern United State. Country music has produced two of the top selling solo artists of all time. The call orbit music gained shovel inularity in the 1940s when the earlier term hillbilly music came to be seen as denigrating. Country music was wide embraced in the 1970s, while country and Western has declined in use since that time, debar in the United top executivedom and Ireland, where it is still commonly used.2.2.1 Fairly heartyListen to country music could more fairly wholesome then(prenominal) other, why is that so? According to th e specialist that through country music, it could help a person to bring back a wonderful story. Through country music, it could help to explain a very kindle story. In other words, they are not songs that would not want to bring children to hear or would feel embarrassed playing in front of their parents. So, through country music could help some of the children to presented out by vocalizing some country music on the song that have play to display out what are the fairly wholesome story they have believe in. In the other hands, it could help to keep some of the interesting history in the past and passed it to the next generation. Thus, they will understand what the histories are on the past and keep it on the good wants and be reminding that their do not make the same mistake again and again.2.2.2 Connection to cultureCountry music historians typically stress of the musics close bindion to the culture of the rural and working class white south while acknowledging the grandness of New York record companies and other commercial structures, they are happiest. Besides that, country music helps people to bring out the culture of American. It help others to understand how the style of living and also to present the ethnic of that culture. Modelling behaviours and understandings that have helped in the refashioning of southern white culture and identities, and there is another parallel. A Diasporas story lurks deep in the heart of country music. It could help to intone the culture and also to help to promote the culture to others through country music.Therefore, country music can help a culture to pee-pee their image on fairly wholesome things and it also can pertain to the other culture in this foundation through this country music.2.3 whangAs the world move on to a modern time, hip hop music has become the most important music that has been focus on by the teenagers nowadays. Hip hop music is origin from hip hop culture and it has been missed up with four key fraction which is rapping, scratching, sampling, and beat boxing. The root of hip hop culture is also from African American music and ultimately African music. Some hip hop music influence by the disco, others blame music influence by many other different such as new nurture whang and also some rapping material are included.2.3.1 InnovationIn the lately 2000s, hip hop music has secure in the mainstream of music line. People have fuddlen a name for blame music as Golden Age Hip-Hop. This innovation motive the hip-hop music lover to be more advance in the. That time is a time when it seemed that every new single reinvented the genre. Referring to the golden age of hip-hop music, there were so many important, ground breaking album has been brought up right about that time. Many artist has been found out on that period of time where hip-hop music has bring a coarse victor towards bringing more gifted artist on during the hip-hop music. While innovation in hip-hop music is been a great motivation for every hip-hop singer that it could do a great improvement on their song and also teenagers recently has utilise the hip-hop music to do their dance on the hip-hop culture.2.3.2 Express teenagers in a proper mannerNowadays, hip-hop music brings different culture, beliefs, races, ethnicities all together such as young and medium age encumbrance together to express teenagers in self-determinant manners and also collectively. Besides that, through hip-hop music and culture has not just influenced the Americans but also influenced the whole world to come together as a one big hip-hop music. By listening to hip-hop music, it will help people to develop a good personality and also help people to deal with one and other. Thus, this will help a person to build a good perspective and get a tenacious with others and last will build up more networks so that it will help people to build their popularity. Furthermore, listen to hip-hop music will easily to express teenagers in a proper manner and will not be shy to present in front of public and also can building up confident.Thus, hip-hop music has been brings benefits to people also such as the innovation motive and express teenagers in a proper manner when in front of people.2.4 importantClassical music in European was begun in between year 1750 and 1820. It is the art produced in, or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music. It was encompassing a broad period from roughly the 9th century to present times. Besides that, uncorrupted music contains that few or not genres of music contain because it is concentrated to list the characteristics that can be attributed to the all work of that type. Classical music also meant to be go throughd for its own sake. It is not likely with other forms of the music that can serve merely as a fomite for poetry or other lyric pith.2.4.1 Reduce CrimeClassical music has a penchant for deterring villainy. This is because classical music can make people reduce stress and anxiety. When people are cladding a lot of problem, they will easily make crime. The reason is they cannot express their feelings when they are in stress or anxiety. Through listening to classical music, the problems that their faces will reduce and the crime within them will also reduce. Furthermore, listen to classical music such as Mozarts and Beethovens songs also can make people relax, not only body relax but also spiritual. When listen to classical music, people will intoxicated in that with peaceful. Their will enjoying on listen to the music and strengthen their heart when they feelings down. So, listen to the classical music can have positive effects toward society and peoples.2.4.2 Strong bonds with family membersMoreover, all kids are like to listen to certain kinds of music such as classical music. As parents should not be afraid of helping them to experience something different by take them to a few concerts to watch and listeni ng to live music together. Through this actions, it can helps a family to get a better understanding of what is around them and it also will help them to calculate the kind of music that they listen too much more. Besides that, during the unleash time, parents also can drive their children around once in a while. Tour them around the community while listening to the classical music that all the family members love more by radio. In addition, family members also can stay at home, strum the guitar and sing with other family members. All this actions can strong the bond with the family members when listening to the classical music.Thus, listening to the classical music has been brings a lot of benefits to people, not only can reduce crime but also can strong bond with family members.2.5 totterRock is a form of popular music and it is usually featuring vocals but often with vocal harmony, electric guitars and a strong back beat. It is also know as Rock and Roll. Rock music is a genre of popular music that originating in the 1950s in America. It also is a popular music style that developed in the United States and Great Britain in the late of 1960s. Besides that, it is a blend of black rhythm-and-blues with white country-and-western and also is a generic term for the range of styles that evolved out of quiver and roll. not surprisingly, rock music was extremely difficult to apply a naive definition to such a restless musical format.2.5.1 DrugsIn the advance(prenominal) year, the rock lifestyle was popularly associated with the drugs. This is because some musicians are using psychoactive drugs as enhancements to the listening experience. Teenagers who listened to the rock music were more inclined to use drug, though they were not more likely to use them excessively or become addicted. This is because some rock music has interrelated with drug-related values. Besides that, using drugs by parents has the greatest influence on adolescent drug use. The popularity and furtherance of recreational drug that used by musicians may have influenced to the people. Thus, the use of drugs and the perception of accept energy of drug use among the youth of the period will also have banish effects toward people.2.5.2 ViolentListen to the rock music will make people have violent behavior. This is because some rock music video will have aggressive lyrical content and this is often discernible only to the most attentive of listeners. Besides that, video base media which including music videos that make their violent content extravagantly and graphically clear. In addition, some rock music songs have such garbled lyrics that they have given rise to debates about what the lyrics are. The angry-sounding of rock music will also increase aggressive thoughts and feelings regardless of the specific content of the music lyrics. Through this, people have been influenced by that, so they will act and do the violent behaviour after their listened and watched the m usic videos.Therefore, using drugs and violent behaviour were very common in this modern world and it is also has the bad influences after listened to the rock music.2.6 PopPop music also is considered as popular music that has been knows by world. Through pop music, it helps a community to build a popular music on the starting career that everyone will be familiar with. For examples, Michael Joseph Jackson is the pop music artist and he was known as the King of Pop. Besides that, we also have the latest pop singer which is Justin Timberlake. As you can see the pop music singers are the most attracting singers throughout the world and all of their songs have almost been recognized. In addition, pop music also give an understood recorded music often oriented towards teenagers but usually pop music consist only short and simpleton love story. Pop music also has absorb others form of popular music, but as genre is particularly rock and roll on the later stage is rock style.2.6.1 Gain C onfidencePop music is another way to gain more authorization. As a lot of experience pop artists, one way to gain more confidence is through sing pop music in front of the audience. telling pop music song will helps a person to release their tension or stress. On the other hand, it will also give a person to have confidence and go after those long sought after goals. Listen to pop music will also help people out to release the fear that they have been exertion and help a person to gain more confidence on what they are doing. Besides that, pop music also is the one of the best way to gain more confidence and eventually will build a person talent or skills that will prove that they are capable of something and can contribute more to the society. For example like King of Pop Michael Jackson, he built up his confidence by notification all his pop music songs when he was at the stage.2.6.2 Motivated to search people dreamApart from that, pop music will help a person to hear their d ream out. How is that so? According to some specialist through pop music, they can find person ability on what he or she can do. Pop music will easily let a person to show what hidden talent or skill they have inside more than other. Besides that, it is easier to let a person to focusing on that power to seek on the dreams they want to seek in he or she wanted. It is a very high possible that a person can be success through listening to pop music. It will bring out more and more people to motivate their dream.Therefore pop music not just only to help to gain more confidence when facing all kind of things such as in front of others but also will help a person to motivate themselves to seek their own dream easier to make a success in their life time.2.7 RBThe full name of RB was rhythm and blues. It is a genre of popular black Music that originated used by record companies to disclose recordings marketed predominantly to urban African-Americans. It was at a time when urbane, rocking , jazz based music with a heavy and insistent beat was becoming more popular. Besides that, it also had a number of shifts in meaning. In the early year 1950s and beyond, the term rhythm and blues was often employ to blues records. After rhythm and blues, this style of music contributed to the development of rock and roll. The term of RB became used to refer the music styles that developed from and co-ordinated electric blues, as well as gospel and soul music. Today, RB was defined as the modern version of the soul and funk that influenced African-American pop music that originated with the demise of disco in year 1980.2.7.1 part teenagers to crimesIn the other hand, listening to the RB music has been brings some shun effects among the people such as expose teenagers to crimes. This is because of some dancehall artistes promote violence and it lead teenagers doing the criminal activities after listening and watching the RB music videos. It also has been alleged that some artists have been involved in some of these criminal activities. Teenagers were easily influenced by the lyrics and content of music and videos. If the music and videos were promoted violence or dissipated behavior, it may affect teenagers to act and find out to crimes. It also will influence the teenagers risk for picking up the drug abuse of that. It was the worst problems of listening to the RB music that have contained and promoted violence and immoral behavior.2.7.2 SexIn addition, RB tells the stories of struggle, love, sadness, and happiness. It does not have necessarily spring people behind a cause, but it does help them related to the cause. In year 1995 study, Ernest Hakanen shows that the RB or soul music is the most related to the feelings of grief and pride. RB music has increasingly become about provoke from its lyrics to its music videos, as much as it is about love. Not only that, it also has changed the self-perceptions and self-esteem of young people, especially for the women. Moreover, the young people began to release attitudes on issues that relating to morality and promoted immoral behavior caused the cases of sex happened. This is because of the RB music is included freely expressed sexual desires and other features that were not as prevalent in other forms of popular music.Hence, listening to the RB music actually will also have negative effects like expose teenagers to crimes and sex toward peoples in this modern world.3.0 ConclusionAs you can see the different types of music can be influence to different personalities and characteristics out. By listening to jazz music, it could bring a person peaceful and also to release their painful emotion. Country music can made a fairly wholesome imagination and also help to connect with culture easier. Besides that, hip-hop music can made a person to be innovative and also help to express teenagers in a proper manner. According to specialist, listen to classical music could help people to reduce crime and also strengthen their bond with the family members. The negative influences, it can be bad by listening to the rock music because it is much easier to bring in drugs and violent to the society. On the other hand, for the pop music, it could help people to gain confidence and also motivated a person to seek their dream out. Last but not least(prenominal) was RB music it could lead the crime toward teenagers and also encouraged teenagers to have sex.In conclusion types of music are proven to bring more positive on people than its drawbacks. As we can see on the types of music that have discussed on the different influence that has been brought out when listen to music. Types of music are absolutely more than just enjoyment. Music is the most beautiful things in this world. It always calms down people mind of persuasion and gives a person a rest when their need it. Since music has been became one of the parts of the human life, why not everyone just well utilize it to make their life more wonderful. Music speaks that what people cannot be expressed, soothes the mind and gives it rest. It heals the heart and makes it whole and it was flows from heaven to soul. Therefore, do enjoy in music because it will changes people life become more interesting.

Impact of War in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried :: Things They Carried Essays

Impact of state of war in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried For young people, the Vietnam War is a thing of the past and they stern only learn ab disclose it from second hand sources. In Tim Obriens The Things They Carried, it becomes in truth apparent that the Vietnam conflict has proved to be one that many of the participants suck in not been able move away from, while getting on with their lives. Obrien shows that the conflict dumbfounds on a parasitic form that ingest away on its victims for the rest of their lives. A parasite is defined as an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a assorted organism while harming its military. The war in this case takes the place of the organism, and the host becomes the soldiers. There are several examples of the parasitic nature of war done out the book. In one particular section, Tim OBrien returns to Vietnam with his daughter. Twenty years had at rest(p) by, but it seems as though all of his thoughts are gea red fundament to the time he had spent in the jungle so longsighted before. The two of them travel all over the country, but before their departure, he returns to the field where he feels he lost everything. On this list he includes his honor, his best friend, and all faith in himself. For OBrien, evidence of the parasite is not solely in his return Vietnam, but rather a never-ending personal preoccupation that seems to flow through the collection of stories. OBrien shows how the memories of the war take on a parasitic form, and uses himself as an example. In the chapter Speaking of bravery, OBrien introduces a character by the name of Norman Bowker. In the point Norman finds him self home after serving his time in Vietnam. Even though he is back in his home town, things do not seem the same to him. The was seems to have put a virgin spin on his life. Most of the story he spends driving in circles while thinking about the war and his lack of place in his old society. Th e war becomes his whole life, and he feels as though he is to far distant from the town people for them to understand. The reader then finds out that Bowker

Perils Of Hope - Analysis :: essays research papers

Analysis of "Peril of Hope"& antiophthalmic factor9& vitamin A9The poem "Peril of Hope," by Robert halt is about having hope. The poem speaks about no matter how things are star minute they ass always change. Hope, however, is constantly thither and will always be there to help get through the tough times until things get better.& vitamin A9Imagery is used throughout this poem to help identify the extent of the boundaries of hope. Hope has endless boundaries in this poem it goes from one primitive to the next. In the first stanza (lines1-4), the poet describes a late fall scene bonnie before winter when all the leaves have already fallen forward of the trees. But in the same stanza, he also depicts a delightful spring day just after all the leaves have get along out before all the blossoms appear on the orchard trees. Frost does this to show the extremes in which hope can be found. The second and triad stanzas reiterate the same thing as the first four lin es unless in a more vivid way using cloak images and images off a frosty morning that brings a chill to the readers spine.&9"Peril of Hope," has a definite from. It is set up in a quatrain form with three stanzas. The poem has a rhyme escape ABAB, with the last word of every other line rhyming, such as, lines one and three , there and bare, and also lines two and four, between and green. Lines one, two, and four in every stanza all have five syllables, and line three whole has four. The poems lines have a stressed syllable followed by a unstressed syllable.&9The name of the poem has little significance to the meaning of the poem. in that respect is nothing connecting the poem to the title, except the common theme of hope. The title implies that in having hope a person could put themselves in some causa of danger of expecting too much. But, the poem just talks about where and when a person may find hope, which could be anytime and anywhere.