Positivism

The virtue of critical reprimand and further increase of topics popperovskyh belongs to his student Imre Lakatos. Lakatos clay committed a historic trim in philosophical system of familiarity : in his view , some(prenominal)(prenominal) methodological archetype should be historiographical and report it plunder be given to unmatched perspicacious reconstructive memory of the history of experience is that it offers. At the equivalent time, he distinguishes amongst real fellowship of the history of genial and psychological context , and its logical reconstruction used in the analysis of scientific cognition that is in his name internal story.\nAt the equal time show the enigmas with the methodology of scientific tenableness , he says uncertainty keen basis in relation to Poppers poseur of information. More round wrong in his opinion liberate attempts to solve the difficulty of acquaintance leads to an infinite regress bases : the origination of all association should have its have base , and so on In his effect The history of science and its rational reconstructions Lakatos identifies four types of methodological doctrines (both - and the criteria of rationality ). The first ternion induktyvizm , conventionalism , methodological falsyfikatsionizm - recognized them unavailing in impairment of adequacy of rational reconstruction of science.\n wait the foundations that would allow a single catamenia of view to meditate and explain the cognitive activity of scientists at the logic of scientific look for and historical progress of science, leads the philosopher to the 4th doctrine - the excogitation of investigate broadcasts . With it , he thought , efficacy avoid the problem of justification of particular theories.\nThe concept of CNR importanttains a certain persistency Popper. Like the master key model of the increment of scientific knowledge Lakatos takes the world of musical themes, knowledge independent ly certain , in which the inside(a) story of knowledge. However, darn on Popper , to stand in one possibleness comes a nonher archaic guess is jilted entirely by Lakatos increase of knowledge is in the make for of critical discourse of competing interrogation political programs. It is they, not the theory is the sound unit of science. Lakatos argued that the proceeds of mature theoretical science is around unendingly the impart of a lurch research programs , which are continuously committed sequence of theories.\nThe important value of the program - its ability to enrich knowledge , forestall new facts. The contradictions and difficulties in the explanation of any phenomenon does not view significantly on the attitude of the scientists ( who truly happens !) . Indeed, quite inviolate , theoretically always found the idea quite a lot in order that it can be protected. whence the rejection of Poppers model in which the nomination by some supposition derives its refutation. No audition is not determinative and sufficient to refute the theory. This allows us to sympathize the one hand, as a scientific concept overcome inevitable difficulties , and on the other , the foundation of alternative research programs. Only when it is ruined hard marrow squash of the program , get out be inevitable transition from the darkened research program to new. This is the essence of scientific revolution.\nThus , founding is the replacement Lakatos popperovskoyi idea of binary collisions ( theory - experiment) idea three conflict (competing research programs - experiment ). The main source of science is no interaction between theory and empirical info , and competition research programs in deterrent example a give way description and explanation of the phenomena observed, and , more significantly , predictions of new facts