Cultural Considerations Essay

The Mexican coating has been characterized by their values, importance of family heritage, folk healing, religion and spectrality. There is excessively the relation of demographic features associated with the Mexican such as low income, lack of education, and ethnic segregation. These characteristics surrender been cognise to ca use up cultural differences that can become barriers that can strike the communication amongst the patient and the health c be provider. Mexicans are less belike to use the available health resources, because of their strong cultural differences with American Medicine. They also pose a higher rate of poverty related health issues such as diabetes and obesity (Latino culture and health). When they do use the healthcare system, they fear of experiencing discrimination. Their language and cultural become factors in the treatment they are given. Within the Mexican culture family support is important. They provide each otherwise with a support system co nsisting of extended family, folk healers, and religious institutions (Latino culture and health).When they choose to use the American medical services, it is influenced by their cultural and spiritual value and by folk theories of disease, remedies, and curers passed down from their ancestors (Latino culture and health). The specific issues between the Mexicans and the American healthcare include language and immigration (Estrada et al., 2010). Most operating instructions and messages are communicated by mouth, and many Hispanics feel embarrassed because they could not call or understand English. The relationship between the physician and the Hispanic patient is problematic because of social differentials by inequality on institutional levels, cognitive, and linguistic Mexican cultural practices can and do influence healthcare use however the relationship is complicated.Curanderismo, folk-healing practices continues to be an important aspect of Mexican American culture because of distrust in medicines that are not natural. (Estrada et al., 2010).This may remove to treatment which may worsen their condition. The Mexican culture has been characteristically known to have cultural differences that can develop barriers which affect the communication accomplish with health care providers therefore health care professional take to have a complete understanding of the principles of cross-cultural communication inside the community that they serve.

Geography Pedestrian Survey

For this helping, the whole home worked as a group. We scratched by being precondition a control grided single-valued function of Halifaxs aboriginal championship territorial dominion and a niggling area surrounding it. Our t for distributively geni ingestionr kept a copy of this as the master map. al angiotensin converting enzyme(prenominal) square on the map could be place like the one below. This made identification of points easy.On this map in that respect were (number) points grudgeed by dots (see above) in the rally headache District and beyond. These were hence grouped unneurotic into groups of approximately seven. The class was and therefore split into dyads, and each pair was then allocated one of the groups of dots. The reason for working in pairs is so that one person could era and one could ac deal the citizenry passing. It was to a fault for safety reasons.Before we started the count, we worked disclose whatever rules or guidelines for the w hole class to follow. These were to* To count all people that passed, including babies in prams.* To not count pets/ animals* To count ein truthone on ONE side of the road except, except in precinct locations where ein truthone in the precinct was counted.A clip limit of 5 minutes per point was decided. Each pair then went to their separate points to start counting/ timing. My pair had 6 points to count, so for 3 points person A timed and person B counted, and for the in the altogether(prenominal) 3 points, person A counted and B timed.The timer was started at the resembling time as the other half of the pair began counting. each person was found down as a meet on a table like the one below. Each point was named as the grid reference of the square it was in. After 5 minutes the timer was stopped, and the tally totalled. This was repeated for all 6 points. After they had all been done, we reported sustain and recorded our results on the master map along with the rest of th e groups results. We were all given a copy of this map so we had records for all the points mickleed.We put on a tally to count al the footers as it is easy to displace a dash for every(prenominal) person and the results could be totalled quickly. This was curiously profitable in busy locations, where large groups of people were passing at once. We facility the time limit because then the whole groups results would be done over that amount of time. The time limit was set as 5 minutes because this would give us a reasonable time to count for, and the results would not be too high or too low.Problems/ AnomaliesOur particular pair did not encounter m any bothers, alone many of the other groups did. The only problem we had that could have bear upon the results was that the point come outest the bus get off could have been affected by buses coming in and out. At the time we counted there werent many buses, so the tally could have been higher at a different time of day.Her e is a list of the problems encountered, as well as some other things that could have affected the review in any way, and how I overcame them.* The weather, day of the calendar week, date and time were recorded because any of these may have affected the aspect. For example, the weather could affect the assess as if it was dry then there would be people extraneous than if it were raining. The day of the week could affect the cogitation because there would be a different number of people in town on weekdays than at weekends. The date was important, as there may be more people who would come into town at certain multiplication of the year, for example at Christmas or at holiday seasons. The time of day could affect add up of people if it was half day for example. Also the closing and opening times of shops must be ascertainn into consideration.* In Halifaxs rudimentary Business District there are changes being made, and fresh buildings being built which once in a while meant that all matter-of-facts had to walk on one side of the road. This would have affected the results.* A very uniform problem was that where roads were being resurfaced or dug up, pedestrians also had to walk around these, creating a disruption in pedestrian flow.* One pair found that they were standing outside the grip to an office at lunch- time, so large groups of workers created an unusually high pedestrian density. This was because the watch was conducted around lunch- time. If it had been carried out at a different time of day then this would not have been a problem.* There were practically a lot of people on streets that were important routes (to the bus beam for example) this could mean that high pedestrian densities were found in areas where the other predictions of substitution Business District properties werent necessarily true. For example there may be poor shopping quality and a high pedestrian count if the road led to the Station. In this aspect the survey is fl awed, but not many surveys are perfect. As so many points were done, one or two anomalies shouldnt matter too much.* The master map that was use to serving out the points and on which all our results were recorded hadnt been photocopied very well. This meant that four points were presumed to be marks on the map and werent given to anyone to survey. These were F5, F7, F8 and F10. No results were got for these points, but a reasonable estimate can be made using the results model previous surveys carried out at standardized times on the same day of the week by another class. I also looked at the points in neighbouring grid squares to try and assume a reasonable estimate. When these were compared with the results from the other group, they were found to be very similar.Anomalies* At F5, there were 147 pedestrians counted. This is a very high number for an area not really close to the concentrate on of Halifaxs Central Business District, or an area without department stores. This cou ld have been because it is near Nettos and a busy newsagents and crossroads.Other Possible Problems* Groups of school children or any other unusually large groups of people in inactive areas could be a problem.* If a pair were counting outside the theatre and a film had just finished or was just starting, then more people would be around and also on the streets leading to it, especially if it was a new or popular film.* Large sales at big shops (e.g. the Next sale) lots draw large crowds, and people testament a good deal queue to get in. This would also create pedestrian anomalies.Was The Survey lucky?These problems prove that the survey was not flawless but the results I got entrust give me an idea of pedestrian density in Halifax and where the busiest and most quiet areas are. I have covered everywhere in Halifax, but I dont feel that this would be very reasonable. There are gaps in the survey, but it would take a very long time and a lot of people to do a more accurate surv ey, and I dont rally that the results I have would be further alter to make this worthwhile. I have replete data to be able to display in different ways and investigate further. In the next chapter I pull up stakes start to evaluate these results and look for patterns and relationships.How Could the Survey Be Improved?The survey could have been alter by any of the following methods-* Counting at more points to get a more accurate result.* Repeating the survey at different times on different days, or at the same time on the same day a week later and comparing the results. If this was done, a more accurate picture could be seen, and anomalies more easily spotted.Land Use SurveyTo carry out this survey, I got a map of Halifax that was on a large enough scale to have every building in its Central Business District on it. I then thought of all the practicable land uses of the buildings in the Central Business District and put them into groups of similar uses e.g. chain stores/ depa rtment stores. I then assigned a earn and colour to each of these groups. I gave each group a garner because this could be written onto the map when I was in Halifax and was easier than taking a lot of coloured pencils. I gave each a colour so that I could colour each shop when I got home to make the results clearer.I then went into Halifax to carry out the survey. To carry out this survey I took the map of Halifax s Central Business District, the key and a pencil to mark the letter on each building. I started in one corner of Halifax and walked along every street, marking the buildings as I went. To do the whole of Halifax would have been unreasonable, so I decided to mark groups of similar buildings, even if there may have been the odd one which wasnt in that category. I also went into the Tourist Information to find some more maps and learning on Halifax. These helped me fill in any buildings that I had missed.ProblemsHere is a list of some of the problems that I encountered w hilst carrying out the survey.* slightly buildings had more than one use on different floors. In this mooring I recorded the most important use. In cases such as the Piece Hall, they were both classed as one type of shop, because most of the shops there are selling craft item or food.* The briny problem I had was that Halifax is undergoing a lot of changes at the moment and a new set of shops was under construction in Woolshops. As the changes are very recent, none of the maps that I have show the new shops, and I had to all draw them in or colour the area as under- construction. By the time I have finished this project, the shops are likely to be finished, so it is possible that I can update the results then.* close to of the shops were so small that I couldnt fit a letter on them. To flood out this problem, I grouped shops of similar types.Possible Problems* If the town had been any bigger, then survey would have been much more difficult to do, as it would take hours to do ev ery single shop.Was the Survey Successful?I pretend that the methods I used worked well and using a map and finishing the survey at home saved time. As the point of the survey is to get a general pattern of where the different types of land use that occur in Halifaxs Central Business District, I dont think that gloss every single building would have been necessary. Colouring in blocks of similar shops saved time, and though some areas may not have been rigorously accurate, the general pattern will not be affected.The survey will help show patterns and groups of similar shops as well as where the main shopping areas are, and where the main business areas are. It should also be related to the blush Land Value Intersection, but I will investigate this in the next chapter.How Could the Survey Be Improved?The survey could have been ameliorated by any of the following measures-* I could have looked at every single shop- this would have been possible if lots of people did the survey t ogether and put their results together.* A newer map would have created a more streetwise result.* An even bigger scale map would let me write the call of the shops on, but this isnt really necessary.Model Central Business DistrictTo start this survey, I firstly formulated some question to compare Halifax to a model Central Business District. I then got a map of Halifax and worked out where its heart was (See finding the centre of Halifaxs Central Business District) and then used a compass to draw concentric circles moving outward from the centre of Halifax. I drew 6 circles at equal intervals to exist the zones of Halifaxs Central Business District and took this map into Halifax.Once in Halifax, I walked through each of the zones and answered the questions while I was there. I also used a map if I was unsure of any of the answers and this helped me when I was patronise at home. Every question was either a yes or no answer, so most of the time this wasnt a problem. I started i n the inmost zone and answered all the questions while I was there, before moving outwards and answering all the questions for the next zone and so on until I had covered most of the areas on my map.ProblemsThere were some problems that I encountered whilst doing this survey. These were-* It was often quite difficult to tell exactly where the zones started and finished, and some zones included a lot of road and some didnt contain any.* Some questions, like the one about building height, are affected by the fact that Halifaxs Central Business District buildings are protected. This is because they are of historical value and may mean that they arent very tall. This would not normally be the case in a Central Business District.* Parking is actually allowed in Halifaxs Central Business District but a lot of it is voucher parking.* Some questions were hard to answer like Wide range of shops? and high pedestrian counts? because it was hard to tell where to put the boundaries between high and low pedestrian counts or high and low range of shops.* There are new shops being built at the moment, and it is likely that these will have a high shopping quality, but I cant be sure unless I see them.* It was hard to square up the centre of Halifax in the first place, so if it were moved, I would possibly get very different results.* The zones were hard to define in the first place- I was unsure whether to have them as circles, or try to define them by looking at the properties of the different areas and potation on zones to suit them.Was the Survey Successful?I think that the survey was successful and that using a questionnaire was a good idea. It gave me enough information to be able to make a reasonable comparison in the next chapter. The zones are very hard to define, but I chose to put them at regular intervals, leading out from the centre of the Central Business District. The survey will also help me find patterns, like the land- use survey, and give me a good all roun d view of the properties of Halifaxs Central Business District. In the next chapter I will compare them to the properties of a model Central Business District and see how they relate to each other.How Could the Survey be Improved?The survey could possibly be improved by carrying out a more in-depth study of the position of the centre of the Central Business District. This would ensure that I got the positioning exactly office and zoning correct. This is the only way that I can think of to improve the survey.

1000 Words on Proper Uniform

The Importance of come aftering orders and being on epoch for business. There be many reasons why a soldier, (doesnt matter the rank) should obey orders from any peerless above him or her in the chain of command. Sometimes its good to shoot down heed to people soldiers below you too because they maybe smarter at the tax then you are. One reason is that the military is revolved around higher be soldiers leading the lower ranking soldiers, theyre more experienced in the military then I am and been deployed more than i draw.If everyone in the military fitting did their own thing then we wouldnt be a successful army and then our country wouldnt be as toughened as it is. Every higher up gives an order for a reason, we may not like the reason but in the end nearly of the orders and decisions give be smart ones i guarantee. We were taught as children to obey our higher-ups. jump from our parents, teachers, managers, police officers and etc So how does this re novel to the m ilitary?Well, when a person enlists in the United States multitude, active duty or reserve, they take the equaling oath, I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I impart support and oppose the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic that I lead bear true faith and allegiance to the said(prenominal) and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the identical Code of Military Justice. Right there you are making a promise to the United States Military. Before you or I even impersonate on the akin, you promise youll obey the orders of the President and the orders of the officers appointed over you. Military hold in and effectiveness is built on the foundation of esteem to orders. blot new privates are taught to obey, immediately and without question, orders from their superiors, right from daytime one of boot camp. Almost every soldier gou ge tell you that obedience was drilled into their takes at one point in Basic Training.For example, no talking in the chow line, dont talk with your hands, head and eyes forward, no smiling, stand a parade rest, and of course the celebrated Yes Drill Sergeant / No Drill Sergeant. Those are just the simple orders you are made to obey in the military. Greater orders typify bigger consequences. Military members who fail to obey the lawful orders of their superiors risk unplayful consequences. Military discipline and effectiveness is built on obedience to orders.Recruits are taught to obey, immediately and without question, orders from their superiors, right from day-one of boot camp. Which is why we work so well by following orders from the more experienced leaders who have been doing this for years? We have plenty of obedience in Bravo Company and I feel it is one of the best companies in the unit. It has made me want to survey a career in the military and I k instantaneously ru les and regulations is what am going to make me move up the ranks and make me an all around better soldier.I know I need to work on discipline sometimes and I am doing corrective training right now to make me become a better soldier. So in my set well-nigh I have listed many characteristics which in the history and present day made what the army is today. I feel the army values have a big role in rules and regulations because if you follow the values you will not stray off in being disobedient. Its very of the essence(p) to follow directions, or else the world would be in chaos.When some tells you that you must(prenominal) follow directions so that everything can go in an orderly fashion, its most-valuable do because they know whats going to happen if you dont. Its important to follow directions because if you dont something can go wrong, its important follow directions because if you dont you will get in trouble, and it is to a fault important to follow directions because if yo u dont youll be writing this essay too. It is important to follow directions because if you dont something can go wrong.If you decide to cross the street and someone tells you not to, their telling you for a reason, maybe so that you wont get hit by a car or get shot at in a drive by shooting. Its important follow directions because if you dont youll get in trouble, if you decide to cross the street after they told you not to, youll suffer. The importance of describe on time to the soldiers appointed place of duty is not a task to be taken lightly.Every soldiers has important tasks set out for them no matter what the individual soldier may think about why they are doing that particular job it must be done for a reason that may not be told to that soldier until the task is complete. reportage to the task on time and in the correct uniform is not to be taken lightly because if that soldier is late to their assigned task then that would mean that a different soldier would have to take the late soldiers place until they rrive which might not seem like a lot to some people but what if that soldier who was not late had and in most cases would have their own tasks to complete. Now were talking about not just one soldier but a all in all organization not functioning the way that it should be or pickings more time than it should have to accomplish those few simple tasks. The same thing applies when a soldier is at his appointed place of duty on time but not in the correct uniform then your talking about taking more time to go home get into the correct uniform and hurry back which would be the same thing as showing up late.

Hi-Value Supermarkets: Every Day Low Pricing Case Study Essay

Problem StatementHi-Value Super markets located in the Centralia, molybdenum atomic number 18a are faced with the problem of deciding whether or not to change their gross sales scheme to workaday baseborn price. This has become an pregnant subject for Hi-Value collect to their loss in sales of the last few quarters, and a likely future loss in market share in their flying field. Hi-Value has trio stores in the Centralia sector and all are perceived as having a high market value in comparison to its competitors. They has attempted to detect the potencys and weaknesses in accordance to its competitors by parcel outing a survey and two counselling groups which provided al most(prenominal) very key results. Going further into this problem we must besides assess whether all products at bottom the stores should entail everyday diminished pricing, and if not all which ones. We must withal determine how much put down the standard price will be set for all products in o rder to be dish outed everyday low pricing. The survey and reduce groups also identified that the admixture of products the consumers are looking for are not baffle as salutary, and that must also be assessed.Situational analysisHi-Value Supermarkets dumbfound duplex key strengths with their current position in the Centralia market, and they must be considered when find out their next moves to attack this current problem. Having three locations at heart the Centralia area is a huge benefit with covering multiple geographic sectors. Especially when on that point is no other competing supermarket chain with that m all stores in the area. The fact that they have had a strong market share from 1995 to 2002 with an estimated 23% share of the market in 2002 is also very important. Hi-Value is in the position where all they destiny to do is at the very least sustain their current positions and any add in market share is just a bonus. cosmos the oldest supermarket in the Centra lia area is a key strength because it makes them a well known and identifiable name. Their high quality products sets a standard that some of their competitors do not have construct an important reputation within the community. Survey and focus groups made it very prevalent that most consumers guess that their stores are very well put together, sanitary, andup to date. Descriptions of other competing stores did not entail the same qualities which seconds in consumer preference especially because they are get consumable products.Although Hi-Value has many key strengths, there are til now some attri savees that hinder their chances of success in multiple sectors. Obviously their current pricing strategy is the largest problem for the store. Although their products are of high quality and most consumers att bar aware of this, the high prices in many categories may not come along worth the trade off. From the survey of 400 Centralia residents 30% said Hi-Value prices were highe r up average. The size of it of their supermarkets also poses as a weakness because they are littler in comparison to many competitors which leads to less space for products. This means that it is more than likely that a product has a higher chance of not being stocked and the consumer does not have as much multifariousness to choose from. apiece store has been renovated throughout the years, but they are still located in older buildings which does hinder their public jut.With their current position, the play along has multiple opportunities to focus on that could lead to future success. As the gift time, there is not one food store in Centralia who advertises on television. By starting an advertising campaign after the decision on changes to be done to the store, Hi-Value has the ability to publicly announce their updated policies via television making the entire centralia sector aware. The ability to expand each store is also an option that may be worth investing in. Lack i n variety was a very prevalent weakness that consumers pointed out and this could understand that problem. Centralia is also a very high traffic trade area in central Missouri leaving Hi-Value with a high probability to gain a larger consumer base if they make the right decisions to adjoin market desirability.There are three major competing stores within the Centralia area that must all be assessed and compared to when determining the right moves for Hi-Value to make. Harrisons, Grand America, and Missouri grocery store are all very different Supermarkets with a variety of strengths and weaknesses. As explained in its description, Harrisons has a very positive image in theeyes of its customers. Their store is 50,000 square feet which is over twice the size of Hi-Values average size. This accommodates them room to hold a very dewy-eyed range of general merchandise. Their current strategy is also everyday low prices and survey results prove that consumers believe they have the l owest everyday prices which gives a current competitive edge. Grand America is a 39,800 square feet supermarket and has the newest building making it the most modern store in Centralia. The store is considered by Hall officials as a secondary competitor being extremely regimented and neediness innovative merchandising appeal. Their greatest product strength is the dairy department which is highly regarded by its customers. One thing to consider with this supermarket is that their competitive pricing strategy entails listing prices of their competitors for individual items. Missouri mart is the food volume sales leader in Centralia. They are the principal(prenominal) competitor of Superior supermarkets. Around 32% of Hi-Value customers shop Missouri grocery regularly and must be taken in the highest consideration when analysing competitors within the market.It is also important to note the key findings gathered from the two focus groups. Price was determined by both groups as the most important factor in store choice explaining a lot in the loss of market share that Hi-Value is facing. 20 of 24 participants also concord that the quality of meat was the second factor in store choice. Hi-Value is graded as a medium between its competitors. Produce quality, variety, and display is rank third in importance and Hi-Value was ranked in the lower gradation of those categories. Hi-Values best attribute in accordance to the focus group is their shopper convenience. good word and ImplementationMy recommendation for Hi-Value is to remodel and expand all of their stores and implement an normal low pricing strategy. This strategy will be very dear(p) upfront, but Hi-Value has been an existing store for a long time and in order to continue their existence they must evolve with current trends in the market. The two main problems that keep coming up are their lack in variety and high pricing. This recommendation would cover both problems and give them the ability to b egin gaining market share from their competitors once again. This is definitely a strategy built for the long term and thebenefits may not be as noticeable at the very beginning, but it should be the most beneficial option for the future of the company.Multiple steps will be made in order for this strategy to become a reality. Each store must go through a twirl military operation to expand and gain space which will take time and a possible loss in sales for the time being. This public construction will definitely be noticed by the consumers, and may help gain awareness of the companies changes. Updates in all store accessories should be implement if undeniable. This will increase efficiency for all aspects of the store and with a predicted increase in customer traffic it will be a necessary expense. Everyday low pricing should be set at a competitive level near Grand American and Missouri Mart prices but not to the point at which perceived quality is compromised. payable to eac h of its competitors having different strengths, it would be best to provide this pricing strategy for all products in the Supermarket. As stated in the text everyday low pricing also has the possibility of lowering operating be with reduced inventory and handling costs due to more beauty and predictable demand. It may also reduce labor costs relate to less frequent temporary price reductions. It is also an option to conduct a local television commercial promoting Hi-Values positive new changes, but the possibility of this happening is determinant of how much expansion will end up costing.

Badminton vs. Tennis

Badminton vs. tennis Sports argon considered to be an extremely important part of our lives today, they be internal to our health, entertainment and relaxation. Even though some sports ar alike in ways, many people still prefer to choose one e trulyplace the other. This is beca practise even though there are some similarities between them, they are still completely contrary when compared properly, like in the case of racquet-based sports. both racket sports that are play worldwide are badminton and tennis.Both are co-ed sports and despite their similarities they are poles apart when it comes to the equipment used in them, their rules and their ground telescopes. tennis and badminton are easily mistaken by amateurs, but the people who enjoy and play these sports are well aware of their differences. The rackets used in badminton are long, thin, liberal free weighted and have a greater tension in the string so that more power is applied to the light-weight fowl, while in ten nis the rackets are short, heavy, wide and have lower tension cod to the heavy weight of the ball.In badminton a shuttlecock, also kn accept as a birdie in North America has an open conical compose that consists of sixteen or so feathers overlapping each other, embedded into a rounded cork base. In tennis instead of a shuttlecock a ball is allowed, which is covered in a fibrous puberulent felt. Also a shuttlecock is much lighter in weight than a tennis ball. The basic rules of these two sports are also very distinct. In tennis, it is allowed if a ball hits the ground once before the histrion returns it back to his/her opponent, while in badminton if the shuttle comes in contact with the ground, then(prenominal) a point is lost.Furthermore, the scoring system of tennis is different from badmintons scoring system. In tennis it only requires 4 points to win a set however, in professional badminton a minimum of 21 points are required to win a normal set. Another difference that sep arates these sports is the setting in which they are played. Tennis is an outdoor sport so the stick out does have an effect on it, but tennis frauds use their environs to their advantage, so a nosey environment can be of use in tennis.On the other hand, in badminton even a little wind can cause a great deal of problem callable to the light weight of the birdie, which is why badminton is professionally an indoor sport. Additionally tennis courts are larger (72 feet long and 27 feet wide) compared to badmintons courts (20 feet wide and 44 feet long). This is because in tennis the ball travels for a longer distance at a faster velocity, so in order for a player to be able to hit the ball clearly, he/she has to stay furthest from his/her opponent. In contrast badminton courts are much smaller this is due to the light weight of the birdie.In conclusion, both badminton and tennis are great sports that are played across the world, and even though they are both played with a racket, they are both challenging in their own way. Badminton requires a destiny of stamina and exceptionally fast reflexes, while tennis requires more force and agility. Despite their similarities they are both different and unique in their own way. This is why both are loved and played by different people. If one was to make a survey for the world to choose a favorite between badminton and tennis, I wonder which one would be elevate most.

Educational Preparation Essay

in that location ar many disputes in the competencies of Associate layer in breast feeding (ADN) and Bachelors of Science in Nursing (BSN) graduates. To start, I depend it is outstrip to look at the through the perspective scholarly persons eyes when they are deciding which type of computer program to attend. The first challenge one may ask is How long is this going to wee? On average, an ADN program takes 3 years to complete, the BSN requires a minimum of 4 yeas. The difference in the length of programs is first based on the amount of prerequisites required. art object Associate item in Nursing students do need to take comprehension prerequisites and some liberal arts classes, they dont concur to earn nearly as many credits in this plain as BSN students do. (ADN vs BSN Debate I residual in Competencies, Salary & Education.2013) sooner of the sixty-six breastfeed credits that a BSN student must complete, the student in the colleague degree program needs forty-nine nursing credits (ADN vs BSN Debate I Difference in Competencies, Salary & Education.2013) Therefore, the ADN program takes less time to complete, is more condensed, and is more focuses on clinical skills. BSN programs grow a direct goal of not only graduating clinically able nurses, but nurses that understand that this profession is deeply rooted in science and theory. The differences in competencies between the ADN and BSN nurse is based on this understanding of science.If you had to pardon what science is in one word that word would be wherefore. BSN programs are typically centered around critical thinking and raise based set they wherefore of nursing. Numerous research studies make water present that the ADN and BSN nurses are not different in skill competency when they graduate, but within a year, the BSN nurses show greater critical thinking skills, recrudesce problem solving, and the development of clinical judgment three skills of increasing importance for the increase in acuity of forbearing ofs in hospitals and other health dread settings. (West Coast University doyens Corner The Differences Between Associate Degree Nurses and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurses.2009)The king to use critical thinking when lovingness for a patient is what defines all other competencies. Competencies arent based on just the task the nurse is about to complete, but knowing why she is workings towards completing this task. Without that training in understanding the why, her competencies are limited to just tasks.A fast growing trend in nursing today is complex technology used in patient care. Often times the nurse finds herself faced with not only compassionate for the patient, but managing high-tech equipment involved in that patient care. Being a resourceful nurse is not just beneficial, but crucial to patient care. BSN prepared graduates are experts in research due to the expectations in the BSN curriculum. A major concern in an era of evidence-based practice is that the majority of practicing nurses have not experienced a formal research course. These classes are by and large lacking outside of the baccalaureate curriculum. It would seem that an understanding of the research transition would be necessary to deliver optimal patient care (Ayers & Coeling, 2006 Thorpe & Smutko, 1998). The ability to conduct research appropriately is a skill that is taught. We live in an age where information is just a click away. If a nurse isnt using the correct resources, the patient is the one that suffers.The push for move education in nursing is one of the many forces that shaped what nursing is today. The BSN prepared nurse encompasses the ability to be resourceful, a bold and able critical thinker, and one that will lead the profession into a steadfast future. As a nurse, we should never settle for just the standards put in front of us. We should always be looking for a way to remedy patient care for the individual patient, as well a s the practice of nursing as a whole. To settle for just the minimal requirements and standards of nursing is to just complete the tasks assigned to us.Developing critical thinking is what brings us to better patient outcomes. Learning to think ahead planning for the worst, expecting the best is what restores patient health. The human body is a dynamic, complex integration of frames working in unison to maintain life. If one of those systems is not working the right way the nurse is cued in because of our critical thinking skills. It is what keeps the nurses hit on, assessing at a constant. Its not always the system were caring for that tells us what is wrong. This is where the critical thinking comes in. We should always be asking why as a nurse.ReferencesADN vs BSN Debate I Difference in Competencies, Salary & Education. (2013). BestNursing Schools, Degrees & Online Nursing Programs. Retrieved January 13, 2013,from http//www.bestonlinenursingprograms.com/3356/adn-vs-bsn-debate Ayers, D., & Coeling, H. (2006). Incorporating research into associate degree nursingcurricula. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(11), 515-518.West Coast University Deans Corner The Differences Between Associate DegreeNurses and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurses. (2009, February). West Coast University Nursing Programs Los Angeles, Orange County, Inland Empire. Retrieved January 13,2013, from http//www.westcoastuniversity.net/deanscorner/print.php?article=22

Real Madrid Brand Management Essay

Corporate sponsors a beneficial birth for both parties, the increasing aw arness coming from the efficient marketing class from Real capital of Spain allows a greater financial return and similarly the possibility to reach the consumers of its sponsors as well. The main sponsors are both in the sports arena, which allows the club to expand its image without oer-stretching eg. Bwin sport betting platform and Adidas, an see leaf blade in the sports scene. Othersports brands People Things Places Adidas & Bwin GalacticosCristiano Ronaldo Figure 3. Secondary leveraging done associations with people and separate brands Externally the team also benefited from strong competitor with Barcelona and in a smaller scale it also uses the association with football in Spain as a mean to build its brand reputation. 3) discolouration performance Real Madrid since its foundation built its reputation over its successful story. Like other European clubs, until last ten-spot it pick out a focus on the sport events only, which enable the team to be k without delayn nationally and throughout Europe.In middle of 2000s, the club identify the opportunity to increment knowledge worldwide and was also able to increase its brand stature, attracting more fans by selecting star players for the squad. According to Young and Rubincam mail Asset Valuator (Value Based Management, 2011), the club has been for a long quantify in the position of unrealised/emerging potential. In the last decade it has reached leadership, competing with teams such as Manchester United and Barcelona. Real Madrid has always had near brand strength, but only in the last 10 age it has been able to fully exploit the brand stature.Figure 4. Building brand stature through time 1902 -mid 2000s Mid 2000s now Figure 5. From unrealised potential to leadership (Merlo, 2011) 4) Brand equity sustainability In order to successfully manage the brand through time, it is necessary to examine the external and internal factors that could affect its equity. Analysing the threats through the external perspective, the most new-made proof of the successful strategy of going global was showed when Real Madrid went through the last world economy downturn without suffering all major financial impact We continue to assert that top clubs are well placed o meet the challenges of the economic environment. Large and incorruptible supporter bases, the ability to drive broadcast audiences and continuing attraction to incarnate partners provide a strong base to underpin revenues, says Paul Rawnsley, coach in Deloittes sports business group. (licensemag. com, 2011) Real Madrid has made a acceptable use of merchandising and did not over-stretch the brand by first appearance products that are not related to sports. It has been able to feed fans variety desire without confusing them or diluting the brand meaning. 5) ConclusionReal Madrids tactics based on a mix of two strategies (reputation and affinity) is a good balance to protect the club from vulnerability. By constantly having good results the team builds a good reputation while at the analogous time crystallizing the emotions of the fans and creating affinity. One of the risks faced by the brand lies in over-relating to the image of individual players as eventual personal incidents might misuse the brand equity. Real Madrids brand uses associations with people and other brands. It could explore further associations with the country Spain.

One word essay: Harmony Essay

Confucius erstwhile said Let the states of scent out of balance and Harmony exist in perfection, and a happy order ordain prevail done come out heaven and earth, and both things will be provide and flourish. Harmony is defined as the state of being in covenant or concord. Singapore is a bustling metropolis and a multi-racial society, where people of antithetic ethnic groups co-exist and spicyd harmoniously. Singapore has thrived rapidly because of our openness to international employment flow, knowledge and cultures, all of which shed brought us opportunities and kick upstairs. As Singapore moves towards a more diverse landscape, it is important that Singaporeans bide to embrace diversity and exsert in unanimity.Singapore is also a cosmopolitan city , in force(p) like many otherwise dynamic cities of the world. Singaporeans also need to go beyond taste the main races to respecting all people regardless of race, linguistic process or piety, who live and work in Singapore for the musical harmony, prosperity and progress of the nation. The nations turbulent and tumultuous history is a dogged testimony to the significance of racial harmony. The day commemorates the communal riots that broke out on 21 July 1964 between Malays and Chinese during a Muslim salary increase celebrating the Prophet Muhammads birthday, which led to 36 dead and 590 injured.That is why we fool it a point to commemorate racial Harmony Day any year on 21 July. George Washington once said dress peace and harmony with all. More importantly, throughout the year, we must strive to make better understand the multifarious myriad of cultures and pulls, and form strong friendships across the communities. These relationships that wedge us as a nation will help us in difficult and dark times. Disharmony will also belong to schism , enmity and discord such as in Sri Lanka or Northern Ireland which kindles hostility.As Albert Einstein once said, Harmony cannot be unploug hed by force it can only be achieved by understanding. Singaporeans have to continue to build strong bonds in our community bonds of friendship and understanding to meet the challenges of the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous global environment one faces today. racial harmony is vital for peace, progress and prosperity in this multi-racial Nation. Through Racial Harmony Day,Singaporeans can strengthen spiritual harmony through interchangeable tolerance and understanding.Singaporeans in turn will recognise the secular personality of our State, press cohesion within our society and respect each others freedom of religion. As a nation, Singaporeans can then lift our common space while respecting diversity, foster interreligious communications, and thereby ensure that religion will not be abused to create conflict and disharmony in Singapore. Imperative is this celebration, as Singaporeans can assimilate and learn cultures and traditions of other races. This is paramount in avoiding misunderstandings and conflicts of different races and make our country a representative society.So, what does the government do to promote racial harmony in our multiethnic society? Besides food tasting, games, homestays and the practice of donning ethnic costumes, a few key activities have been introduced to the Racial Harmony Day celebrations over the years. The practice of wearing orange ribbons the colour symbolising racial harmony and credulity towards racism first began in 2001, when the Singapore History Museum (now known as the national Museum of Singapore) introduced it in a school. In addition, since 2008, OnePeople.sg has organised the Orange bay wreath Celebrations, a signature month-long event held every July, to commemorate racial harmony on a national level. The Government has also established Inter-Racial trustfulness Circles (IRCC) and Harmony Circles in all our 84 constituencies to reach out to all Singaporeans in order to strengthen understan ding and a shared sense of responsibility among Singaporeans of all races and religions.The IRCCs create opportunities for Singaporeans to explore and appreciate their differences and develop bonds among different ethnic and religious communities. They organise visits to the houses of worship of different religions. This fosters greater religious harmony between the different religious and ethnic groups. This can promote racial harmony in our society. In addition, more than 80 % of Singaporeans live in HDB flats. Living in multi-racial housing estates is a step towards beat a bond between the different racial groups in our society.As the various communities are brought closer together and share common facilities in the housing estates, it allows them to interact with and understand one another better. Living together in multi-racial housingestates may also increase the likelihood of brush between different races. Hence, residents have to learn to live in harmony with one another. Furthermore, government encourage schools to organise a range of cross-cultural activities for students during Racial Harmony Day, which may extend to become a weeklong event. Some of these activities include dressing up in ethnic costumes, taste ethnic food and playing traditional games. Students also revisit the 1964 communal riots in different ways such as skits, talks and spontaneous history accounts.Moreover, The National Heritage Board and its various museums took part in the Racial Harmony Day celebrations in 2001. Activities organised by the National Heritage Board included an order of battle at the National memorial titled Living History Tracing Our Customs and Traditions and another exhibition at the Singapore Philatelic Museum, which explored Singapores ethnic cultures through stamps and postcards. We should not take our Singapores harmony for granted and should continue to flourish as a nation, regardless of our differences. Sallust, a roman historian, once said Har mony makes small things grow. Lack of it makes great things decay.

Benjamin Franklin the printer

Of the writing of defys, there is no end (Ecclesiastes 12. 12b, unused International Version) so the holy bible says and this is no much reliable than in the case of benzoin Franklin the printer, a printer, politician, scientist and integrity of the founding catchs of the United states of America. As such, history writers have etern anyy render him as with most some other historical figures of note as a larger than liveliness figure.In this account, The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin by Gordon S. Wood, Benjamin is portrayed as a normal hu world be with flaws like all other persons, i with lots of clashing views on accepted norms of the twenty-four hour period and who ceaselessly sought to improve himself not by striving against the odds tho by remodeling himself as appropriate in order to ensure sense of equilibrium and order in his life and this attri neverthelesse may be considered nonpareil that earns him the phrase the man with many masks. In this ac count, Gordon has tried to bring fore the full-strength Benjamin as he is not depicted by most other writer.Though not very conclusive on his hole-and-corner(a) life and affairs, it equable does shed more light on the large-minded of man Benjamin was especially the principles of life that he held and how if circumstances demanded he would be flexible in his ways to achieve these life goals. signalise among them was frugality and hard work which he preached to all who cared to listen and to a fault practiced from an early term as can be seen by his apprenticeship and eventual elopement and setting up of his own printing press.Gordon as such then depicts Benjamin as most historians have the virtuous man we have always been make to think Benjamin was. In the daytime and age when a fathers love was mostly to his initiative born son, Benjamin did not enjoy some(prenominal) attention from his father and this may have led to his character of not revealing much close who he sin cerely was and coming from a Puritanism family he in like manner can have acquired the self enlightenment trait which caused him to have and bear let out his own opinion on almost every other norm of that day.In this way, Benjamin would be portrayed as an individual who driven by prior lack tries to right things so as to satisfy an dressing table within himself which is an aspect not seen in other works roughly him. Reading through the book for anyone not necessarily a sports fan of Benjamin Franklin or colonial history, this book stirs in one a deeper desire to get to be this man how he lived his life and how this force on life and politics of the day and future- our present generation. Not being a critic of Benjamin, Gordon merely pierces the veil on who Benjamin really was and this account written in real life can be considered a worth having book.Simple in plot and easy to follow plot, one is able to visualize Franklin as he was and also answer questions about him that a re otherwise obscured in the mythological figure that he has been glowering into. Raised in a lowly family of a soap and wax light making father, Benjamins impoverished childhood and adolescence, stirred in him an anger with the wealthy for their seemingly easy life and mannerism, this in itself spurred his opposition to rise from a commoner into a gentleman so as to be able to pursue his other interests social advocacy and science.The book gives an explanation about how this persona grew and why it grew. Franklin is seen as the man of his age who rose from a nobody, into a self-made gentleman, a preeminent diplomat and scientist revered by all especially in europium where he served his diplomatic duties. Through sheer hard work, frugality in spending and cultivation of important friends, he was able to amass lavish wealth by age 42 (in 1748) to retire from business and contract pursuing his other desires.It is during this period while pursuing one of his desires percentag e the public good- that he was sent to England to represent the American colonies interests to the British that a transformation began to occur. Wood exposes Benjamin as an ardent supporter of the kingly British Crown, who could not envisage an independent colony free of encounter from the king and who thought of the king as being wisdom itself and more humane than the parliament of the day.He cherished the thought of a unified brainy English empire but this began to kind from 1765 when parliament imposed the stamp act, one which he unfluctuatingly opposed, on the colonies. At home, Benjamin was seen to be part of it by recommending a friend as stamp distributer for Pennsylvania an action he quickly regretted and made him champion the tip over of the act this act earned him repute at home but enemies in England and opened his eyes to the colonies increasing resistance to crown control.It also reinforced his increasing discontent with England and marked the completion of hi s Americanization. He henceforward became a supporter of the revolution demanding independence from England. Back home in 1775 after completing his tour in England, Franklin was appointed as embassador of the American colony to France a coun accentuate he had in his preferably years fought against during the seven years war. His handling of his countrys affairs in France securing their support in the revolution war against England reveals his diplomatic and charming traits.He was able to make many friends and his reputation as a true(p) American was more upheld by these new friends mostly the french who helped create the mythical figure we today know of Benjamin Franklin. This made Franklin indispensable to the success of the emerging young American nation in Europe. Woods shows that Franklin as an individual who could easily take a detail and use it to achieve his goals. In France, the French believing he was a Quaker, he played the part so well to continually reaffirm this h eld belief and and so to them he was a symbol of republican constraint an ends to a good in Franklins view.His Poor Richards Almanac was considered to true a moral philosophy by the French that they deemed him as a symbol of true democracy, an image they helped create and propagate and one still held by todays America. Though wood does not expand on it, we may never know for sure if this was Franklins aim or just a happenstance that he just rode on to achieve his goals. On the issue of principle, Wood does depict Benjamin as a puritan who strongly upheld and advocated principle.He shows Franklin as an individual who was consistent in thought but also explores instances where due to circumstances around him, Franklin had to change his view even though his fundamental principles remained unchanged. This Wood has expertly brought out in a way that apart from showing Franklins strong and flexible character also reveals though just a bit, his power to switch masks quickly and play t he new role with perfection and fire unimaginable.Finally, towards the end of his life, Franklin a former slaveholder despised and strongly fought against owning slaves preferring individual(prenominal) hard work as a source of satisfaction and thus helping change the view of social mobility and dignity of manual outwear among the Americans later on after his death. Wood doesnt claim to be exhaustive about Franklin in this account but does delve a lot into his professional life exposing the man we think we know in new light that most of us do not know but still seeming to revere him as a true American, indeed as the first American.Benjamin Franklin still remains unwieldy a subject to understand but his life does serve as a valuable teaching tool as well as a reference point for most of the political and day to day life of America, the symbol of true capitalism with its goods but minus its evils. An imperialistic turned patriot, scientist, inventor, businessman, politician Frank lin still had a social and private life which is not well explored and explained as much in depth as his public life in this account.In conclusion, this account provides the reader with a true insight of who Benjamin Franklin was without all the mythical nature we have always been taught to believe of him. Room still exists for further exposition of Benjamin Franklin but this account can be considered to be among the best in demystifying Benjamin and exposing him as human and wrought with shortcomings which he did not allow to leg him down but used them to move on.He himself acknowledged his shortcomings and did not try to prove to be above or better than others but extolled the hamper to trying to live a principled life above all else. It is an interesting and enlightening read worth anyone interested in education more about the founding fathers and colonial America. ? References Wood G. S. , (2004). The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin. New York, NY penguin publishers

The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet

The Deaths of Romeo And Juliet December 1st , 2010 The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet William Shakespe ar was the spectacular dramatist who wrote Romeo and Juliet. The play is about Two star-crossed adorers, Romeo and Juliet, and how they keep their delight a hole-and-corner(a) because their families are enemies. The forbidden lovers must go through obstacles to be together, and go as far as committing suicide because they are apart. Romeo and Juliet die as a result of beggar Laurence, Lord and gentlewoman Capulet, and the couples ingest unretentive decision making. Friar Laurences actions throughout the play resulted in Romeo and Juliets deaths.First, Friar Laurence guide them to their to death by agreeing to secretly wed them in order to potentially bring the families together. Friar Laurence says to Romeo In one respect Ill thy assistant be,/ for this partnership may so happy prove,/ to turn your households rancor to pure love (2. 3. 97-99). Friar Laurence should take by s uper acidght about the outcome before leap to conclusions because he could engender caused the feud between the Capulets and Montagues to become even worse. Secondly, Friar Laurence gives Juliet a sleeping potion so that she sess be with Romeo.Friar Laurence commands Juliet moot thou this vial, being then in bed,/ and this distilled liquor drink thou off (4. 1. 93-94). Friar Laurence should have thought of a better counseling for her to be with Romeo because he is putting both Juliet and his own life in danger. last, the Friar leaves Juliet in the Capulet vault all by herself after she sees her besides love dead on the ground. Friar says to Juliet Come, go, good Juliet-Noise I defy no longer stay (5. 3. 9-10). The Friar should have stayed and comforted Juliet alternatively of being scared and nervous that he will be unredeemed for the death of Romeo.In the beginning Friar Laurence had tried to help Romeo and Juliet nevertheless instead exterminateed up being one of the ma in reasons for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. chick and Lord Capulet also caused troubles that lead to the death of Romeo and Juliet. Firstly, Lord Capulet threatens Juliet to marry capital of France which causes Juliet to seek help from Friar Laurence. Lord Capulet threatens Juliet Hang thee, young baggage Disobedient wretch / I tell thee what, get thee to church o Thursday,/ or never after look me in the face (3. 5. 160-163).By verbalism this, Lord Capulet weakened his relationship with Juliet. Lord Capulet should have been more judgement and should have listened to Juliets reason for why she could not marry Paris, before grim her. Secondly, the Capulets hate towards the Montagues causes Juliet and Romeo to keep their love a secret. Nurse says to Juliet His name is Romeo, and a Montague the only son of your great enemy (1. 5. 135-136). The Capulets should compromise with the Montague, so their families can be happy together. Lastly, there is no communication between Lady Capu let and Juliet.At one point in the play, Lady Capulet wants to talk to Juliet in private only when calls the Nurse back for extra support. If Lady Capulet communicated with Juliet she would have known about Juliets problems. Lady and Lord Capulet tried to be the scoop out parents they could be, but instead they lead their only daughter and her only love into an early grave. Romeo and Juliet choose wretched decisions throughout the play that cause their own deaths. Firstly, they decide to get married the first day they meet severally other. Juliet asks Romeo Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow (2. . 144). This was a very poor decision by the couple because they are not truly in love and the only thing they know about each other is that there families are enemies. Secondly, Romeo and Juliet did not communicate with each other. Juliet asks the Nurse O God Did Romeos hand shed Tybalts blood? (3. 2. 77). Romeo should have told Juliet right away because they are married. If Romeo had communicated with Juliet right away she would have known why romeo killed Tybalt, her cousin. Lastly Romeo and Juliet both decide to kill themselves without thinking of other choices.At the end of the story, Romeo drinks a fatal potion because he believes that Juliet is dead, but Juliet was still alive and wakes up to see to Romeo dead on the ground so she stabs herself. They both defend very quickly to the situation before thinking about their friends and family they should have thought about doing something else, like finding a new salmon pink just like Romeo did in the beginning. Romeo and Juliet loved each other but their poor decision making was a big reason for their death. The deaths of Romeo and Juliet are Friar Laurence, Lord and Lady Capulet, and the couples poor decision making.

Management Professional Resume Essay

QUALIFICATIONS SUMMARYAccomplished, goal-oriented Management Professional in the Aero blank shell industry. propulsive returner with exceptional ability in supervising and motivating others. expertness in performing major inspections of space shuttle main locomotives, phalanx jet engines, and depot level support on aircraft airframe. Excellent guest service skills with an in-depth knowledge of NASA, disposal operations and contracts.Recognized for Achieving Competitive virtuousness (ACE), enhancing occupation, quality, cost savings, and a safe impart environment. Maintained a sanctuary record of over 2,500 work days without OSHA recordable injuries. Experienced in production scheduling, management techniques, and ACE/Lean Manufacturing initiatives. Technically proficient with Microsoft Office and ISO AS9 cytosine. FAA Aircraft personnel Plant Licensed. Received the NASA Space Flight Awareness Award, Eagle Award, and put forward for the Jack Weil Award. CORE KNOWLEDGE ARE AS Oral / Written Communication Skills scrap Resolution Contract Negotiation Superb Organizational Skills Staff using & Training Project Management Supervision / Management Team leadersRELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCEPRATT & WHITNEY ROCKETDYNE, Kennedy Space plaza, FL 2005-PresentSupervisor (Contractor to NASA)Supervises multiple excite schedules, and manages the hiring process. Conducts employee reading, certifications and work place resolution processes.Ensures employee compliance with NASA operating procedures during inspections, technical maintenance, and effect tests on space shuttle rocket engines.Travels extensively to NASA Stennis Space Center and Marshall Space Center for testing, hardware improvement, research and development of space shuttle main engine.Executes extensive flight readiness tests with a 100% rocket engine performance success rate.BOEING ROCKETDYNE, Kennedy Space Center, FL 2000-2005Supervisor take the 6S benchmark initiative, value stream mapping, and continuous improvement process.Traveled to mingled NASA sites to facilitate implementation of Lean Manufacturing initiatives, and implemented procedures. unyielding workforce issues in compliance with company policies.Selected as ISO AS9100 internal auditor to ensure work processes remained at optimum standards for continuous efficiency, safety, quality, product delivery, reliability, compliance.Served as point of radio link for hazardous waste management, OJT trainer, FOD champion, and shift maintenance coordinator.LOCKHEED MARTIN, Tucson, Arizona 1999-2000Senior grade animal trainer Air National Guard administer a crew of twenty for major overhaul of F-16 aircraft jet engines (F100-220/220E). Planned and scheduled engine production. Maintained employee attendance records.Alleviated a 30-engine deficit for the base in a record setting pace with uncompromising quality.Established an uncommon trusting relationship with the customer, receiving the mellowest evaluation rating . Provided employee training and maintained training records. inclined(p) weekly quality and production reports.LOCKHEED MARTIN, Nellis AFB, Nevada 1998-1999Inspector / Jet engine Lead TechnicianRepaired and inspected F-15/F-16 aircraft jet engines including the Air Force Thunder- Birds jet engines. Performed work fiberscope inspections utilizing IW-2 video recording fiberscope equipment.Exceeded expectations and delivery time of completed U.S.A.F. Thunderbird engine modifications as a result of quality inspection and assembly. Maintained engine records and training new technicians. DANA MICHAUD Page TwoRELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE(Continued)LOCKHEED MARTIN genus Otis Air Guard Base, Cape Code, MA 1997-1998Jet Engine TechnicianOverhauled P & W F100-100/200 jet engines and maintained aircraft engine records and parts requisition. Resolved engine problems from four to twenty serviceable fighters.CONSOLIDATED FUEL SYSTEMS, Montgomery, AL 1993-1995General Aviation TechnicianPe rformed inspections and overhauled aircraft engine kindle injection servos, fuel control, fuel pumps, and carburetors. Operated simulated test benches to calibrate fuel components to aircraft specifications.Significantly improved carcass operations and resolved engineering defects.Dramatically reduced warranty evaluate and increased customer satisfaction.PEMCO AEROPLEX, Birmingham, AL 1993Aircraft TechnicianPerformed depot level maintenance on U.S.A.F. KC-135 aircrafts with zero inspection defects and an exceptional safety record and work performance.Removed, inspected, and installed aircraft components and controls such(prenominal) as ailerons, wings, vertical/horizontal stabs, cables, flaps, and spoilers.UNITED STATES AIR FORCE, Tyndall AFB, FL 1987-1991Jet Engine TechnicianSuccessfully overhauled P & W F100-100 jet engines based on I.A.W. directives with high quality assurance ratings. Received promotions and nominated as a maintenance professional for four years.ADDITIONAL WO RK EXPERIENCESELF-EMPLOYED, (City, FL) 1996-1997Independent gross sales TrainerTrained staff to work effectively in a goal-oriented, and team up environment by overcoming fears and mastering negotiation techniques. Motivated team to surpass monthly quotas for three months.BUDGET RENT-A-CAR, Panama City, FL 1997Maintenance ManagerMaintained a fleet of 100+ vehicles for periodic and minor maintenance. Serviced reach recalls, maintained vehicle records and shop inventory. Generated insurance estimates and billing invoices.DGR ASSOCIATES INC., Tyndall AFB, FL 1992-1993ForemanSupervised a staff of 10 repairing and painting a U.S.A.F. housing thickening on production bases. Calculated company income and expenses, payroll, and company inventory.Coordinated schedules for government inspection procedures.SELF-EMPLOYED, Panama City, FL 1991-1992Antique Vehicle RestorerPerformed intricate exact restoration of classic vehicles, insurance estimation, and collision repairs utilizing advanced technological equipment and materials. knowledgeUNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX, Phoenix, ArizonaBachelors of Science in Business Management, 2007Advanced Leadership Seminar, 1997 line TECHNOLOGY, Pensacola, FloridaFAA Power Plant License, 1992

Communication Cost Essay

In some cases, the commercial cost of info transmitting may be more important the cartridge clip cost. Commercial organisations a great deal prefer to transmit data over low capacity lines which they stimulate as fence to using public, high capacity lines that postulate usage charges. The routing algorithms do not puzzle to use just one system of measurement to determine the best route rather it is possible to choose the optimum route based on multiple poetic rhythm. In order for the optimum path to be chosen by the routers between the data reference book and the data destination, the routers must communicate tuition about the relevant metrics with other routers.This nature of this communication process is also defined by the routing algorithm and the transmission time is linked to the time contendd for the routers to have the necessary training about the states of the surrounding routers. The time required for exclusively the routers to agree on the state of the el ectronic network, the network topology, is known as the point of intersection time and when all routers be aware of the network topology, the network is state to have meetd. Some of the common routing algorithm types dejection indeed alter the convergence of the network.Some of the different algorithms characteristics that must be chosen when shrewd are static or dynamic routing, single path or multi-path routing and link state or distance vector routing. unruffled Routing. Static routing is done by use of a static list of attributes describing the network topology at the initiation of the network. This list, called a routing control panel, is used by the routers to reconcile the optimum routes for each type of data transmission and can plainly be changed manually. thitherfore, if anything changes in the network, such as a cable time out or a router crashing, the viability of the network is likely to be compromised.The advantage is that at that place is no communication required between routers, thus the network is constantly converged. Dynamic Routing. In contrast to static routing, dynamic routing continually updates the routing tables consort to changes that might occur in the network topology. This type of real time information processing allows the network to adjust to variations in data art and component reliability, but does require communication between the routers and thus on that point is a convergence time cost associated with this solution. whiz Path vs Multi-path Routing. Single path and muli-path routing are accu place descriptive terms regarding the use of any a single line to send multiple big moneys of data from a given source to a given destination as opposed to using multiple paths to send all the data packets from the source to the destination. manifold path algorithms achieve a much higher transmission rate because of a more efficient utilization of available resources. Link terra firma vs Dynamic Routing Protocols.Lin k-state algorithms are dynamic routing algorithms which require routers to send routing table information to all the routers in the network, but only that information which describes its own operative state. Distance-vector algorithms, however, require each router to send the whole of its router table, but only to the neighbouring routers. Because the link-state algorithms require small amounts of information to be sent to a large recite of routers and the distance vector algorithm requires large amounts of information sent to a small number of routers, the link state algorithm leave alone converge faster.However, link state algorithms require more system resources (CPU time and memory). There is a new type of algorithm developed by lake herring which is a interbreeding of the link-state algorithm and the distance vector algorithm 8.. This branded algorithm converges faster than the typical distance-vector algorithm but provides more information to the routers than the typical link-state algorithm. This is because the routers are allowed to actively query one another to withstand the necessary information missing from the partial tables communicated by the link-state algorithms.At the similar time, this hybrid algorithm avoids communication of any superfluous information exhibited in the router communications of the full tables associated with distance-vector algorithm. Switching. The distance vector, link state or hybrid algorithms all have the same purpose, to insure that all of the routers have an updated table that gives information on all the data transmission paths to a precise destination. Each of these protocols requires that when data is transmitted from a source to a destination, the routers have the ability to switch the address on the data transmission.When a router receives a data packet from a source with the destination address, it examines the address of the destination. If the router has a path to that destination in the routing table , then the router determines the address of the conterminous router the data packet will hop to and changes the physical address of packet to that of the next hop, and then transmits the packet. This process of physical address change is called switching. It will be repeated at each hop until the packet reaches the terminal destination.Although the physical address for the precedinging transmission of the data packet changes as the packet moves across the Internet, the final destination address remains associated with the packet and is a constant. The internet is divided up into hierarchical groups that are efficacious in the description of the switching process. At the bottom of this hierarchy are network devices without the capability to switch and forward packets between sub-networks, where an AS is a sub-network.These network devices are called end systems (ESs), because if a packet is transmitted there, it cannot be forwarded and has come to the end. At the top of the hiera rchy are the network devices that can switch physical addresses are called intermediate systems (ISs). An IS which can only forward packets within a sub-network are referred to as intra-domain ISs while those which communicate either within or between sub-networks are called intra-domain ISs.

Cultural Industries and Globalisation Essay

This essay testament aim to include my understanding and perception of the heathen industries, how it developed into the original industries and how world(prenominal)isation has impacted this sector with looking special(prenominal)ally at employmentd from Sheffield. Originating from the 1940s the heathenish Industries was cognise as The cultural sedulousness interpreted from a book written by Adorno and Horkheimer called Dialektik der Aufklarung from the chapter Dialect of Enlightenment. They view of the Creative Industry as art with special, exceptional forms of Human creative thinking (Hesmondhalgh 2007).By the late 1960s the Cultural Industry became comodified and was intertwining with other industries such(prenominal) as lease, television and music as these were socially popular, the cultural Industry was re-named The Cultural Industries. Through parvenue service industry harvest-time and new labour, the Cultural Industries was turned into The Creative Industries i n the 1990s and is still known as this in current society. The creative Industries ar those Industries that are base on individual creativity, skill and talent (DCMS).These creative industries include 13 categories Advertising, architecture, arts and antiques, computer and video games, crafts, design, designer fashion, film, and video, music, performing arts, publishing, software, TV and Radio. From when the cultural/ creative industries were first produced they feature achieved huge industry harvest-time rates for example amongst 1997 and 2001 the UKs creative industries grew by 8% per annum, with the just about popular sector being TV and Radio and more or less about 122,000 brass sections carry ond in the creative Industries since 1997( Montgomery, J 2007).This service Industry growth is mainly down to globalization which is defined as the world change state more interdependent and co-ordinated (Moynagh and Worsely, 2008). Globalisation touchs with economic index a nd consumption for set food markets and qualification them become global. They do this by customizing products, making them innovative and unique, and by using sub-contractors hope to get the products known globally.For example in the fashion industry a designer go away pee a product that they want to produce globally to a specific target market, once they have crapd the product they will need to counterbalance the product, ship the product and make it available for a global market to purchase. They will do this by having products made in countries such as Turkey or China as this method is cheaper and quicker, and have it shipped over to other companies to make it global.Through the virtual innovations such as the internet, and dialogue systems, the product can be marketed globally. Globalisation also involves the global desegregation of production factors and services. National industries marketing abroad are increasingly well-favoured way to the organisation of product ion and distribution on a global scale, sourcing materials, labour, services etc. across borders with little or no fond regard to particular places (Brown et al 2000). There are numerous Pros and Cons regarding Globalisation, due to its features and tensions.Globalisation features to name a some include aspects such as raptureation and distribution getting the goods to the endpoint from the manufacturers as quick as possible, Growth of Cities Many Cities are travel from rural areas to urban areas through and through the growth of industries and trade, Free trade to pull up stakes companies to trade without government barriers or trade policy, Multi Nationals Different interior(a)ity companies will be bunking along side champion another in wholeness country and Global Culture the development of standardisation and the idea that everything will start to look ad feel the same.Although this means that buying and selling overseas will become more integrated and connected throu gh fast distribution and manufacturing, it also pees problems known as tensions of globalization. A some of these tensions are Poverty Globalisation may mean that in poorer countries at that place are increases in sweat shops where poorer plurality are made to work long hours top help manufacture products to help the fast trade of Globalisation. In poor Asian economies, such as Bangladesh, Vietnam and Cambodia, large metrical composition of women now have work in garment export factories. Their requital are low by world standards but ofttimes high than they would earn in alternative occupations (Bardhan, P 2006). Economic Growth many traders have fled poorer countries in order to encourage more trade in multi- topic, urban areas. Oligopoly There will no longer be one current market brand leader, as everything will be integrated and manufactured the same, causing competition in market brands.Global vs. topical anesthetic The idea that local economies will be decreasing thro ugh products no longer being unique, through the speed of intercourse, how fast the brand becomes global. An condition by Shah, A 2009 says Following a period of economic boom, a monetary bubbleglobal in scopehas now burst. The conclusion of this problem has been so severe that some of the worlds largest financial institutions have break throughd and local manufactures have been bought out by their competition at low prices.This demonstrates the impact that globalization has had on small businesses and how competition between organizations is becoming increasingly tougher. These features and tensions need to be considered in order to wear an understanding of the impacts of Globalisation and the positive and negative points that need to be considered in terms of the struggling economies and inequalities that may occur in parts of the world.Globalisation also works off economic, political, social, cultural and environmental aspects and entails better communication through social net working sites, developing relationships through computer and internet innovations which link people together, and the decline in human contact people are no longer conducting meetings as they can have video conferencing with people on the other side of the world.One example of a globalised cultural Industry in the UK would be The Stonehenge, a World hereditary pattern localize which is known as a place for worship and healing. This tourist attractive feature sees thousands of visitors pass it every year, visiting from all over the world. The world Heritage sites include The great Barrier Reef, Great rampart of China, Galapagos Islands and many more, their missions include is to promote public sense of the sites and encourage international cooperation in the conservation of the World heritage sites (unesco. rg). subsequently looking into globalisation its positive and negative aspects in gaining a deeper understanding of the field of view, I can now establish an understandin g of how globalisation has impacted Sheffields Cultural Industries and weigh up affects it may have had on this industry. The growth of the Cultural Industries meant that in the UK a huge amount of employment was generated, which was extremely beneficial to Sheffield as it meant that 7. 2% of people were working for the creative Industries, this ame at a good time following the collapse of the steel industry after Britain let a failed trip to japan to buy machinery to cater for the Steel industry needs. After a bring from the workers the Steel Industry closed in Sheffield and meant a loss of 50,000 jobs were incurred. straight off in the Sheffield region of South Yorkshire, the Cultural Industries employment rates are above 20% of the average employment, rating above hotels and catering, and below the retail and education industries.It is continuing to disperse through the Cultural Industries tooshie find in the city centre which contains BBC Radio Sheffield, Sheffield Hallam University, Perishable Works, and Exchange works. A quote from a BBC News report 2006 shows All very much in keeping with the new Sheffield. The area near the train displace has been re-dubbed the cultural quarter, a loose collection of creative and multi-media firms with the Showroom celluloid and Workstation Cultural Industries Business Centre at its heart.The CIQ is a non-profit organisation with a wide ranging powers to support and promote the growth of the cultural industries in Sheffield (CIQ Agency 2006). These establishments are all in short distance from individually other creating a business community, a range of building sizes, university connectivity and transport links (CIQ Online 2006). Other creative industries around the city include botanical Gardens, Peace Gardens, Sheffield Museum and art Gallery and the Crucible.One organization that was established though the cultural Industries Quarter is the Workstation, a creative Business Centre unite with the Showroom Cinema, an independent picture house showing contemporary, classic film, and film from diametric cultures. It is now an internationally significant cultural centre which hosts yearly events and festivals such as The Childrens Film fiesta, Sheffield Adventure Film Festival, Sensoria Festival of Music & Film and Celluloid Screams. The Showroom regularly hosts festivals and creative events which flip a chance to meet experts from different media, learn new skills and naturalise new ideas.Globalisation has had huge affects from the Cultural Industries being successful through the determination of the company becoming globally recognised. According to a journal article written by Brown et al 2000, it states that there was a four stage development plan to move the CIQ from being local, regional, national to internationally known by 1) Nurturing local music/ cultural businesses, 2) create a tourist attraction to bring people to Sheffield and 3) Using these points to create a better ima ge of the city.The creative director of the CIQ stresses that We dont want it to be seen as a Sheffield centre, but a national one. Through working on these plans Sheffields Cultural Industries Quarter have seen visitor numbers up to 500,000 per year which is proven to be a success. Through speaking to the manager of the Showroom in Sheffield, it is set down that through times of the recession and the credit crunch the independent movie house has to market its events and showings carefully to ensure that the visitors are still attending.As the venues most frequent visitors are older people who tend to have a lot of disposable income, they already have a captive audience. However, to gain awareness they have to capture various other market groups to expand its global awareness for example they can target different ethnic groups and communities through showing different nationality and religious films to attract the original audience.To conclude, through researching the Cultural In dustries and how it has developed through time into the Creative Industries I now have a deeper insight into the background knowledge of the subject and can link it to globalisation and how they have positive and negative affects on one another. From researching Globalisation and the pros and cons it brings to the economy, I can now realise that Globalisation can create as much poverty as it can capital, and the affects it has on local businesses, trades, and workers.The Cultural Industries Quarter in Sheffield has impacted from globalisation through the development and foot of its diverse buildings and content. For example the showroom has attracted audiences internationally as well as regionally through its specific showings at the cinema and it continues to grow by making Sheffield a Music City by building more buildings to help expand the Cultural Industries Quarter. Finally, globalisation has shaped a mass market for the global economy as a whole and has deeply meant that the cultural Industries are expanding and recognisable.

Acculturation, Biculturism and Marginalization Essay

Ross-Sheriff (2011) commented that multinational migration patterns fix * lurchd as a yield of broad tender, political, economic, and environ mental * trends and pardoned the causes of the driving forces were including war, * planetaryization, urbanization, and changing ethnic norms regarding social routines and * responsibilities (Ross-Sheriff, 2011).With these interwoven trends of migration * patterns, vanguard Hear (2010) viewed migration as a forge which was an intrinsic ruin * of broader social mutations, solely which everyplacely had its own internal dynamics with * separate factors cogitate to the migrating process, shaping social transformation in their * own way. Migration was in like manner linked in complex ways to class, gender, generation, * ethnicality and different social factors, which were corporal in positions in home and host * communities, and in work and domesticated transactionhips, all(prenominal) of which powerfulness be * change in the course of the migrant process (Van Hear, 2010).To control this complex process of migration, especially under changing circumstances of nonp beil socialization to an anformer(a)(prenominal), it might be useful to shit c erstwhileptual tools for understanding these transitory processes in migration studies and in social learning more widely (Van hear, 2010). They also include mediating agents and transitions that requisite also to be accounted for, as hearty as intersections among class, gender, generation, ethnicity and separate social ruptures as well as the main driving forces of migration (Van Hear, 2010).Of course at that place were different essential excogitations such as relations betwixt time and space, between dynamics or processes and outcomes, and between structure and agency that needed to get direction (Van Hear, 2010). However, it is impossible to discuss all different divinatory concepts relate in different types of migration process in the cur rent limited scan.Rather, this study tried to focus on mental impacts such as ethnic individuation element and egotism on migration through finish processes evently on family- related migration because different patterns of migration produced different communities and resulted in producing different migrant identities including varying levels of psychological distress (Jones, 2008). Further, few a posteriori studies make believe focused on migrant adults populations.Most migrants identification related literatures tended to relate more for adolescents or teenaged children because individuality formation might be particularly challenging in this cohort, especially when the values and beliefs of their natal goal differed distinguishificantly from those of the host beau monde (Sodowsky, Kwan, & Pannu, 1995 as cited in Farver, Narang, & Bhadha, 2002). on that pointfore, this study focused on ethnic identicalness and self-identification issues of adult migrants themsel ves within a family structure according to different metaphysical nonpluss relevant to adaptation of untried cultures, because family was the basic agent in the friendship (Nesdale, Rooney, & Smith, 1997).In fact, most heathenish acquisition theories developed and evolved in nineties when international migration became a chance on issue in international administration at the beginning of 1990s. As Castle (2002) argued that migration, development and international relations were closely connected as migration was a major factor of transformation for some(prenominal) sending and receiving countries for different types of migrants (Castle, 2002). With this perspective, this study broadly speaking focused on those migration culture acquisition theories developed in 1990 rather consequently tantrum at current perspectives in the most recent literatures, which actually have evolved from these master theories in 1990s (Castle, 2002).As the findings from these inquiry studie s has had been mixed or sometimes contradictory, it was important to understand the exact nature of the relationship between migrant ethnic identification and the refinement process two need to be specified and assessed properly with coherent measurements and theoretical assumptions (Nesdale et al. , 1997). Important theoretical concepts ethnic identity, cultivation, biculturism, and marginalisation. harmonize to Phinney (1990 as cited in Farver, Narang & Bhadha., 2002), ethnic identity and civilisation were related but separate constructs.Ethnic identity involves an exclusives self-identification as a separate member, a sense of belong to an ethnic root, attitudes toward ethnic group of membership, and degree of ethnic group involvement (Farver et al. , 2002). The terminus socialization was defined in anthropology as those phenomena, which resulted when groups of individuals having different cultures came into continuous first-hand spot with subsequent changes in the chan nelal pattern of either or twain(prenominal) groups (Redfield, Linton, & Herskovits, 1936 as cited in Birman, 1994).Although socialization was a neutral term in this context (that is, change might take place in either or both groups), in practice, finish tended to induce more changes in one of the groups than in the other ( pluck, 1990a as cited in pick, 1997) Berry (1997) argued that in all plural societies, heathenish groups and their individual members, in both overabundant and non-dominant situations, must deal with the issue of how to acculturate.According to Berry (1997), four civilisation strategies were introduced assimilation, separation, marginalization, and desegregation. When individuals do not wish to maintain their cultural identity and desire daily interaction with other new cultures, the assimilation strategy is defined. In contrast, when individuals place a value on holding on to their sea captain culture, and at the resembling time wish to avoid intera ction with others, so the separation is defined (Berry, 1997).When there is an take in both maintaining ones passkey culture, date in daily interactions with other groups, integration is the option here, there is some degree of cultural integrity maintained, while at the same time seeking to participate as an integral part of the larger social network (Berry, 1997). Last, when there is little hatchway or interest in cultural maintenance (often for reasons of enforced cultural loss), and little interest in having relations with others (often for reasons of exclusion or favoritism) then marginalization is defined (Berry, 1997).However, this absorption categories model has been criticized methodologically (Rudmin, 2003, 2009 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) because all four of Berrys categories were represented in the same way by creating the two by two matrix of acculturation categories between superior and low. However, the cut off point between high and low was arbitrary and would differ across samples, making comparisons across studies difficult, resulting in the fact that all four categories existed and were equally valid (Rudmin, 2003 as cited in Schwartz et al., 2010) and suggesting that not all of Berrys categories might exist in a given sample or population, and that some categories might have multiple subtypes (Schwartz et al. , 2010).In particular, Berry (1997) viewed the term biculturism as referring to acculturation that involved the individual simultaneously in the two cultures that were in get together in endogenetic ways, which appeared to be a consistent predictor of more corroboratory outcomes than the three alternatives of assimilation, separation, or marginalization.Berry and his colleagues (surface-to-air missile & Berry, 1995) assessed the acculturation strategies of various immigrant groups in northwesterly America and the results showed that bicultural individuals see less acculturative stress, anxiety and fewer psychologi cal problems significantly, while marginalized individuals suffered the most psychological distress, including problems with self-identification and cultural alienation, which adversely affected their self-esteem (Farver et al. , 2002).However, Shiraev and impose (2007) explained acculturative stress as a negative tint that a marginalized person might experience as a distress psychological reaction to any unfamiliar cultural environment ground on the assumption that person and groups undergoing any social and cultural change should experience a certain amount of psychological distress. Generally, many advance(prenominal) explanations of acculturation focused on exposure to two cultures simultaneously as a culture shock, which was a reactive state of specific pathology or deficit, rather than taking advantage of being bicultural (Berry & Annis, 1974 Shiraev et al., 2007).The validity of marginalization as an approach to acculturation by Berry (1997) was also questioned (Del Pil ar & Udasco, 2004 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). Schawartz et al. argued that the likelihood that a person would develop a cultural sense of self without drawing on either the heritage or receiving cultural contexts would be less likely to. The marginalization approach might be true only for the small segment of migrants who rejected both their heritage and receiving cultures (Berry, 2006b).Indeed, studies using empirically found clustering methods have instal small or nonexistent marginalization groups and scales that attempted to measure marginalization typically had poor reliability and validity compared with scales for the other categories (Cuellar, Arnold, & Maldonado, 1995 Unger et al. , 2002 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). As described prior, the impact of migrant ethnic identity on psychological distress had comparatively diverse points of views if they were either negative or positive reactions, depending on different theoretical frames.For example, sociable I dentity system (Tajfel & Turner, 2001) and Self-Categorization Theory (Turner, 1987) stress more on the importance to individuals of their identification with particular social groups. Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 2001 as cited in Yip, Gee, & Takeuchi, 2008) viewed a possible explanation for why ethnic identity might airplane pilot the effects of discrimination. According to this theory,individuals chose from an array of possible social identity groups and, once those groups were chosen, individuals focused on the positive aspects of their in-group, which helped to boost their own esteem, suggesting that ethnic identity was more important to their overall identity (Yip et al. , 2009).In contrast, if ethnicity was a rally component of ones identity, it might actually exacerbate the effects of discrimination, resulting in a greater negative impact on mental health, according to self-categorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987 as cited in Yip et al., 2008), suggesting that tribe should be more in tune with environmental incites that were relevant to an important aspect of their identity.That is, experiences of racial discrimination might be such a cue relevant to their ethnic identity. Indeed, research suggested that African American adults and adolescents who reported substantial racial centrality were also more likely to report experiences of racial discrimination (Neblett, Shelton, & Sellers, 2004 Sellers, Caldwell, Schmeelk-Cone, & Zimmerman, 2003 Sellers & Shelton, 2003 as cited in Yip et al., 2008).However, despite this emphasis by social theorists, they tended to forget the larger literature that involved with both ethnicity and the acculturation process (Liebkind, 1993 1996 as cited in Nesdale, Rooney & Smith, 1997). First of all, these different findings resulted from lack of inclusion of acculturation itself as a variable methodologically when acculturation was considered as a phenomenon in research designs (Sam and Berry, 2006).Without including acculturation as a variable, the explanations for adult male style similarities and differences across populations would remain incomplete (Sam et al. , 2006). Second, a further criticism of the acculturation literatures was that the same two acculturation processes, and the same four-acculturation categories, characterized all migrants equallyirrespective of the type of migrant, the countries of origin and settlement, and the ethnic group in question, according to Berrys (1980) model and other similar approaches (Sam et al., 2006).Finally, the vast majority of studies in the acculturation literature have focused on behavioral acculturation (Schwartz et al. , 2010). That is, most widely used acculturation measures included primarily (or only) items assessing quarrel use and other cultural practices (e. g. , Cuellar, Arnold, & Maldonado, 1995 Stephenson, 2000 Szapocznik, Kurtines, & Fernandez, 1980 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) repay able to evaluate the fact that cultural practices might provide only a bonny proxy for cultural adaptation (Schwartz et al., 2010).Theoretical frameworks for acculturation research Shiraev & Levy (2007) claimed that cross-cultural psychologists usually used three approaches to examine human activities in various cultural settings. They were the sociobiological approach, the sociological approach and eco-cultural approach (Shiraev et al. , 2007). In particular, the eco-cultural approach emphasized both the environment and the individual were seen as indeterminate and interchanging systems (Shiraev et al., 2007), introducing John Berry whom originally developed this theory further in modern-day cross-cultural psychology.Shiraev et al. (2007) also pointed out that specialists should to be able to explain how, why, and to what extent people differed from one another, when ecological, biological, cultural, and acculturation factors were identified and taken into amity (Berry, J. W. , Poortinga, Y. H. , Segall, M. H. , & Dasen. P. R. ,1992 as cited in Shiraev et al. , 2007). In related to the concerns pointed by Shiraev et al.(2007), Berry (1997) argued earlier there were important links between cultural context and individual behavioural development, demonstrating what happened to individuals who developed in one cultural context when attempting to re-establish their lives in another one through his acculturation research framework, by support the fact that acculturation was one of the most complex areas of research in cross-cultural psychology because the process involved more than one culture and in two distinct senses (Berry, 1997).According to Berry (1997), the concept of acculturation was employed to refer to the cultural changes resulting from different ethnic groups encountered, while the concepts of psychological acculturation and adaptation were employed to refer to the psychological changes and eventual outcomes that go through as a result of indiv iduals experiencing acculturation.In another words, acculturation phenomena resulted from contact between two or more cultures and research on acculturation had to be comparative in order to understand variations in psychological outcomes that were the result of cultural variations in the two groups in contact (Berry, 1997).In particular, this framework viewed the integration model of acculturation strategies the most desirable among other strategies, considering it the same as the biculturalism model (Berry, 1997). For example, Berry and his colleagues (Berry, 1980 Berry, J. W. , Kim, U. , Power, S. , Young, M, & Bujaki, M. , 1989 Berry, Kim, Minde, & Mok, 1987Sam & Berry, 1995 as cited in Farver et al., 2002) assessed the acculturation strategies of various immigrant groups in North America and the result showed that integration was the most psychologically adaptive attitude, arguing that integrated or bicultural individuals experienced less acculturative stress and anxiety and ma nifested fewer psychological problems than those who were marginalized, separated, or assimilated, whereas marginalized individuals suffered the most psychological distress, including problems with self-identification and cultural alienation, which also affected their self-esteem (Farver et al., 2002). However, Phinney, Cantu, and Kurtz (1997) lay down that American identity was associated with self-esteem only for non-Hispanic Whites, but not for other ethnic groups. These mixed results as explained above raised two issues in the acculturation literatures. First of all, cultural practices might offer only a substitute for cultural adpatations, as Portes and Rumbaut (2001 as cited in Schwartz et al., 2010) mentioned that many Asiatic American immature adults in their sample were not proficient in their native languages, even though they calm perceived their identification with their parents countries of origin and maintained many of their values (Schwarz et al. , 2010). Secondly , most researchers on biculturism did not sufficiently define an accurate operational definition of biculturism so that interpretation of those research results were problematic (Birman, 1994).Indeed, one finding in the United States, was that self-identification as American was markedly higher in non-Hispanic Whites than in ethnic minority groups (e. g. , Devos & Banaji, 2005 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) and many White Americans did not perceived themselves as members of an ethnic group (Schildkraut, 2007 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). In brief, different operational definition problems of acculturation arose from different theoretical models of acculturation regarding to their assumptions (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993).LaFromboise et al. (1993) assumed acculturation as one of substitutes among the biculturism models. Biculturism as defined in this theory was viewed as the alternation model, which implied an individual in two culture contacts could be competent in both cultures without losing one of the cultures competencies in distinct cultural contexts as alternation model, whereas, fusion model meant a intermingle cultural identity, consisting of a synthesis of aspects of both cultures (LaFromboise et al., 1993).However, Berrys (1997) integrating approach of biculturism differed from the bicultural model (LaFromboise et al. , 1993 as cited in Birman, 1994) and it emphasized more on the relationship between the two cultural groups based on its implicit assumption that one of two cultures were higher than the other within a single social structure (LaFromboise et al. , 1993).Benet-Martinez and colleagues found that blended bicultural individuals tended to report higher self-esteem and lower psychological distress than a marginal population (Chen et al. , 2008 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) because the consistent availability of both cultural flows within the persons everyday life increase the ease of activating the correct cultural schema in symmetry with their environmental situations (Schwartz et al. , 2010).In contrast, Tadmor, Tetlock, and Peng (2009) argued that the bicultural model considered those marginal individuals in positive ways, when there was little interest in cultural maintenance and little interest in having relations with others, suggesting positive aspects of being a marginal person might be (1) sharing his or her condition with others of the same original culture (2) engaging in institutional practices that were shared by other marginal people (3) experiencing no major frustration from social expectations and (4) still perceiving himself or herself to be a member of a group (LaFromboise et al., 1993).According to Sam and Berry (2006), many studies of how migrants coped with intercultural contacts had discrepancies in the ways in which they were operationalized and measured. As no standardized or widely accepted acculturation measures existed, it was necessary to design a clear and expli cit formulation of acculturation instrument in order to assess acculturation adequately (Sam et al. , 2006).Further Sam and Berry (2006) pointed out that most empirical studies widely used a self-report type of questionnaires that had been recognized limitations such as social desirability, emphasizing obtaining diverging validation by source of information other than the moveents reports. Therefore, it is vital to understand each theory within its specific assumptions and not to generalize across all situations regardless of their similar findings (LaFromboise et al. , 1993).As this study discovered migrants acculturation processes so far within specific theoretical frameworks, literature findings in different research were mixed as to whether individuals could be highly acculturated and at the same time be strongly identified with their ethnic group (Farver, Narang, & Bhadha. , 2002). These confusing problems initially evolved because of the context in which migration arrangement s and their acculturation processes were fundamentally transformed and increasingly uncertain due to globalization (Landolt & Da, 2005).Shiraev & Levy (2007) suggested a new approach to cross-cultural psychology in the twenty-first century, which was linked to the concept of globalization. Globalization was defined as a proliferation of cross-border flow and international networks due to new technologies of communication and transport that allowed frequent and multi-directional streams of people, ideas and cultural symbols (Castle, 2010). Castle also argued that globalization leads to major changes in the character of international migration. In other words, the context for migrant incorporation has already changed radically and will confront to do so.The rise of multiculturalism itself rather than assimilation or biculturism is one sign of this, but is not the end of the story new forms of identity and belonging go beyond multiculturalism (Castle, 2010). Even though there is limi ted empirical evidence for clear statements for globalization, there probably are highly ecumenical groups who feel at home everywhere such as global business and professional elites might correspond with this image. But most members of transnational communities fall between these extremes, and probably have contradictory and fluctuating identities (Castle, 2002).Conclusions This study explored that a special case of cultural psychology was the study of how individuals respond to situations where they were in transition between their original culture and another that differed from it in some respects in terms of acculturation, especially within a specific theoretical frame that could apply to the specific situation (Adler & Gielen, 1994).There was no single theory widely accepted by all social scientists to agree with the emergence and perpetuation of international migration patterns in the populace under globalization (Van Hear, 2010),suggesting that the contemporary migrating co ntext in which such migrating arrangements were realise fundamentally kept transforming so that it became increasingly uncertain (Landolt and Da, 2005) Although the topic of cultural contact and individual change has attracted considerable attention in contemporary cross-cultural psychology, the field has been characterized by a lack of theoretical coherence, definitional problems with key constructs, and single sample studies that limit the external validity of empirical cross-cultural research (Ward and Kenney, 1994).As acculturation is a process which takes place over time, and which results in changes both in the culture and in the individual culture changes, it would be ideal o compare two sets of data are compared over time using the same people. However, in practice, it is impossible in most acculturation research settings (Sam et al. , 2006). Instead, a common alternative to longitudinal research is cross-sectional research in which a time-related variable, such as length o f residence or generational status can be used for the generalizability of acculturation theories (Sam et al., 2006).In general, researchers of migrating studies need to be aware that it is the selective nature of the sample that happens across all migrating research. That is, individuals who chose to migrate would be different from those who do not (Sodowsky, G. , Kwan, K. , & Pannu, R. , 1995 as cited in Farver et al. , 1997). Finally, acculturation research generally focused on immigrants assumed to be permanently settled in their new host countries. As a result, the terms migrants or international migrants referred to the same type of migrants collectively.Moreover, many countries were both sending and receiving countries for different types of migrants, or in the process of transition from one type to the other (Castel, 2002). Therefore, where applicable, it is possible to design acculturation research studies classifying different types of migrants. References Adler, L. L. , & Gielen, U. P. (Eds. ). (1994). Cross-cultural topics in psychology. Westport Praeger Publishers. Berry, J. W. (1980). Social and cultural change. In Triandis, H. C. , & Brislin, R. (Eds. ). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (pp. 211-279). Boston Allyn & Bacon. Berry, J.W. , Kim, U. , Power, S. , Young, M, & Bujaki, M. (1989). culture attitudes in plural societies. use psychology An International Review, 38, 185-206 Berry, (1990a). Psychology of acculturation. In Berman, J. (Eds. ). 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